Table 3.
Characteristics of HE patients with different etiologies.
| HE | HE | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Alcohol (n = 69) | HBV (n = 171) | P-value | Non-cirrhosis (n = 42) | Cirrhosis (n = 297) | P-value |
| Demographic | ||||||
| Age | 54.3 (48.0, 59.0) | 50.5 (39.7, 56.8) | 0.008 | 39.5 (33.5, 46.9) | 53.3 (46.7, 61.1) | <0.001 |
| Gender (male) | 68 (98.6) | 144 (84.2) | 0.004 | 32 (76.2) | 240 (80.8) | 0.62 |
| HE_GRADE | 0.319 | 0.479 | ||||
| HE 1 | 23 (33.3) | 62 (36.3) | 17 (40.5) | 110 (37.0) | ||
| HE 2 | 27 (39.1) | 76 (44.4) | 13 (31.0) | 124 (41.8) | ||
| HE 3 | 16 (23.2) | 23 (13.5) | 8 (19.0) | 47 (15.8) | ||
| HE 4 | 3 (4.3) | 10 (5.8) | 4 (9.5) | 16 (5.4) | ||
| AD | ||||||
| Infection | 19 (27.5) | 50 (29.2) | 0.915 | 13 (31.0) | 88 (29.6) | 1 |
| Jaundice | 33 (47.8) | 112 (65.5) | 0.017 | 38 (90.5) | 156 (52.5) | <0.001 |
| Ascites | 37 (53.6) | 78 (45.6) | 0.326 | 12 (28.6) | 146 (49.2) | 0.019 |
| GI-Bleeding | 19 (27.5) | 17 (9.9) | 0.001 | 0 (0.0) | 48 (16.2) | 0.01 |
| Laboratory tests | ||||||
| TB | 4.77 (2.16, 10.36) | 14.09 (2.83, 26.68) | <0.001 | 21.96 (14.61, 28.94) | 5.49 (2.18, 22.58) | <0.001 |
| INR | 1.61 (1.35, 2.09) | 2.14 (1.52, 2.91) | <0.001 | 2.62 (1.87, 3.19) | 1.70 (1.40, 2.41) | <0.001 |
| CR | 0.81 (0.65, 1.05) | 0.81 (0.63, 1.04) | 0.63 | 0.87 (0.67, 1.00) | 0.79 (0.64, 1.10) | 0.518 |
| BUN | 6.31 (4.60, 11.76) | 5.21 (3.80, 7.67) | 0.012 | 3.90 (2.47, 6.38) | 5.94 (4.13, 10.20) | <0.001 |
| ALB | 30.0 (27.40, 33.00) | 30.8 (27.00, 34.75) | 0.554 | 32.15 (29.10, 35.66) | 29.90 (26.60, 33.50) | 0.005 |
| ALT | 30.0 (18.00, 58.00) | 81.0 (27.30, 426.35) | <0.001 | 287.5 (106.7, 1,183.8) | 42.0 (23.0, 111.7) | <0.001 |
| AST | 51.6 (32.00, 102.22) | 101.1 (48.50, 239.85) | <0.001 | 187.9 (122.3, 535.3) | 65.0 (35.6, 146.0) | <0.001 |
| WBC | 5.98 (4.30, 8.90) | 6.10 (3.77, 10.09) | 0.695 | 8.81 (5.63, 11.22) | 5.89 (3.76, 9.20) | 0.001 |
| PLT | 68.0 (46.40, 99.40) | 82.0 (51.20, 121.00) | 0.18 | 121.0 (91.8, 190.0) | 71.0 (45.4, 112.0) | <0.001 |
| FIO_2 | 471.4 (457.1, 476.2) | 471.4 (461.9, 476.2) | 0.362 | 476.2 (466.7, 476.2) | 471.4 (461.9, 476.2) | 0.407 |
| MAP | 91.0 (76.67, 96.00) | 89.0 (82.66, 96.84) | 0.219 | 89.0 (83.0, 99.3) | 89.0 (81.0, 96.0) | 0.361 |
| AKP | 105.0 (74.5,152.7) | 125.5 (98.0, 162.7) | 0.024 | 134.5 (97.7, 168.1) | 117.0 (83.0, 158.0) | 0.159 |
| γ-GT | 86.8 (34.4, 190.3) | 46.2 (26.3, 81.9) | <0.001 | 68.9 (43.8, 91.6) | 48.6 (24.0, 99.0) | 0.035 |
| NL_ratio | 5.13 (3.11, 7.62) | 3.82 (2.26, 7.03) | 0.054 | 4.62 (2.83, 7.71) | 3.90 (2.31, 7.10) | 0.176 |
| Hemoglobin | 88.0 (76.2, 115.2) | 116.0 (98.0, 135.0) | <0.001 | 128.0 (105.8, 145.3) | 106.0 (84.0, 125.0) | <0.001 |
| Neutrophil | 4.20 (2.96, 7.08) | 4.23 (2.24, 8.00) | 0.481 | 6.16 (3.88, 8.93) | 3.87 (2.27, 6.36) | 0.001 |
| Lymphocyte | 0.86 (0.71, 1.31) | 1.10 (0.73, 1.52) | 0.05 | 1.27 (0.97, 1.61) | 1.00 (0.69, 1.45) | 0.043 |
| K | 3.87 (3.48, 4.34) | 3.88 (3.58, 4.27) | 0.987 | 3.82 (3.63, 4.17) | 3.83 (3.46, 4.24) | 0.777 |
| Na | 136.7 (132.9, 140.5) | 137.0 (133.2, 141.0) | 0.702 | 137.8 (136.1, 140.9) | 136.9 (133.0, 141.0) | 0.06 |
| Scores | ||||||
| MELD | 15.0 (8.8, 19.3) | 25.5 (16.0, 31.0) | <0.001 | 29.0 (24.0, 32.0) | 19.0 (13.0, 29.0) | <0.001 |
| MELD_Na | 16.0 (10.0, 23.5) | 27.0 (16.0, 33.0) | <0.001 | 30.0 (27.0, 33.0) | 21.00 (13.5, 29.0) | <0.001 |
| IMELD | 36.0 (27.0, 41.5) | 43.0 (35.5, 51.0) | <0.001 | 43.0 (38.0, 50.0) | 39.0 (33.0, 50.0) | 0.049 |
| CLIF_SOFA | 7.0 (6.0, 9.3) | 9.0 (7.0, 10.0) | 0.09 | 9.0 (8.0, 11.0) | 8.0 (6.0, 9.0) | 0.003 |
| SOFA | 10.0 (8.0, 11.0) | 10.0 (9.0, 11.0) | 0.165 | 10.0 (9.0, 11.0) | 10.0 (9.0, 11.0) | 0.846 |
| CHILD_PUGH | 11.0 (9.0, 12.0) | 11.0 (9.0, 12.0) | 0.249 | 11.0 (10.0, 13.0) | 11.0 (9.0, 12.0) | 0.117 |
| Outcome | ||||||
| O28 | 9 (13.0) | 56 (32.7) | 0.003 | 18 (42.9) | 79 (26.6) | 0.046 |
| O90 | 19 (27.5) | 73 (42.7) | 0.041 | 20 (47.6) | 114 (38.4) | 0.328 |