Table 1.

Variable definition.

Variable type	Name	Symbol	Definition
Explained variable	Mortality rate	M	Deaths per thousand
Explanatory variables	Unemployment rate	U	Total number of unemployed as a percentage of the total labor force
Control variables	Population	Population	Total population
	Urbanization rate	Urbanization	Proportion of urban population in total population (%)
	Number of medical and health institutions	Hospital	Number of medical institutions in each province
	Juvenile support rates	Child	Proportion of population aged 0–14 in total
Moderator	Sulfur dioxide	SO2	Sulfur dioxide emissions by Province