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. 2021 Aug 2;12:686846. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.686846

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Copyright © 2021 Ouyang, Wang, Su and Liu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)2/4, mannose receptor (MR), and inflammation-related genes in chitooligosaccharide hexamer (COS6)-stimulated macrophages with or without blocking. (A) TLR4, (B) TLR2, (C) MyD88, (D) Western blot analysis of TLR4 and TLR2, (E) tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, (F) interleukin (IL)-1β, (G) MR. Western blot analysis using anti-TLR4, anti-TLR2 antibodies, and anti-β-tubulin antibody was used to evaluate the quantity of proteins in each lane. TLR2 has no significant difference; the data are not shown. Each experiment was executed in triplicate. Data were shown as means ± SD (n = 3), with (*) p < 0.05 and (**) p < 0.01 vs. the phosphate buffered saline (PBS) group, (^#) p < 0.05 and (^##) p < 0.01 vs. the COS6 group (set as 1).