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. 2021 Aug 6;65(3):587–602. doi: 10.1042/EBC20200158

Figure 1. Bioprinting techniques used to create kidney in vitro models.

Figure 1

(A) extrusion-based (pressure-assisted), (B) microfluidics, and (C) inkjet or droplet on demand bioprinting with (D) thermal, (E) piezo, (F) electromagnetic, or (G) acoustic actuation. Adapted with permission from Mota et al. [6].