TABLE 1.

Summary of innovative potential treatments for CPTII deficiency patients.

50–55% Carbohydrates A higher carbohydrates consumption (> 70% of energy) was related with a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality	Exercise suggested Personalized exercise programs combining HIIT or MIIT (≤70% VO2 max) with RT should be encouraged. For beginners or unfit categories, MIIT may be preferred	Supplements to support muscle bioenergetics, adaptations and functions: Creatine: 3–5 g/day for 3–4 weeks whey proteins: 20–25 g or EAAs: 10–12 g Vitamin D: 2,000–4,000 IU/day
25–30% Proteins High quality protein sources are recommended to optimize muscle recovery and stimulate muscle protein synthesis	Exercise to avoid Traditional endurance activities (e.g., running, cycling, swimming) (<65% VO2 max) should be avoided in most CPTII deficiency patients	Supplements to attenuate EIMD and related inflammation: Omega-3: 1.8–3.0 g/day Beetroot juice: 125–500 mL/day Pomegranate juice: 60–120 mL/day of concentrated product Tart cherries juice: 60 mL/day of concentrated product
20% Fats Considered the minimum fats intake to ensure adequacy for essential FAs and fat-soluble vitamins	Lifestyle to maintain Physical inactivity should be discouraged	Supplements for pain management: Curcumin: 150–2,000 mg/day Ginger: 2,000 mg/day