Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by maternal and paternal BCG scar status.
| Infants,% (No./Total)a |
Infants,% (No./Total)a |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal BCG scar N = 353 |
No maternal BCG scar N = 108 |
P valuec | Paternal BCG scar N = 137 |
No paternal BCG scar N = 82 |
P valuec | |
| Male sex | 37 (130/353) | 37 (40/108) | 0.97 | 34 (47/137) | 35 (29/82) | 0.87 |
| Age at randomization, days | 2 (1–7) | 3.5 (1–10) | 0.04 | 2 (1–7) | 4 (1–9) | 0.12 |
| Allocation to early BCG | 53 (186/353) | 53 (57/108) | 0.99 | 48 (66/137) | 54 (44/82) | 0.43 |
| Included in hospital | 65 (230/353) | 47 (51/108) | 0.001 | 63 (86/137) | 61 (50/82) | 0.79 |
| Twin/triplet | 21 (73/353) | 7 (8/108) | 0.002 | 15 (21/137) | 33 (27/82) | 0.002 |
| Caesarian sectionb | 5 (17/352) | 5 (4/107) | 0.95 | 4 (5/137) | 6 (5/80) | 0.38 |
| Prematureb | 24 (53/222) | 15 (7/47) | 0.18 | 20 (17/86) | 29 (13/45) | 0.24 |
| Mother alive at enrollment | – | – | – | 100 (137/137) | 100 (82/82) | – |
| Maternal MUAC, mmb | 246 (232–268) | 248 (232–262) | 0.55 | 247 (232–265) | 248 (236–270) | 0.77 |
| Maternal age, yearsb | 29 (24–35) | 33 (25–38) | 0.03 | 30 (25–34) | 33 (28–38) | 0.005 |
| Paternal age, yearsb | 39 (33–47) | 42 (37–48) | 0.13 | 36 (30–46) | 43 (38–49) | <0.001 |
| Anthropometrics | ||||||
| Weight at inclusion, kg | 2.24 (2.02–2.39) | 2.27 (2.05–2.40) | 0.22 | 2.23 (1.99–2.39) | 2.21 (1.91–2.36) | 0.28 |
| Length, cmb | 45.9 (44.0–47.0) | 46.0 (44.0–47.0) | 0.43 | 45.5 (44.0–46.5) | 45.0 (43.5–47.0) | 0.56 |
| Head circumference, cm | 32.0 (31.0–33.0) | 32.0 (30.5–32.8) | 0.88 | 31.5 (30.5–32.5) | 31.9 (30.5–33.0) | 0.77 |
| Abdominal circumference, cm | 27.0 (26.0–28.1) | 27.4 (26.0–28.5) | 0.51 | 27.1 (26.0–28.2) | 27.0 (26.0–28.4) | 0.87 |
| MUAC, mm | 82 (76–88) | 82 (76–88) | 0.96 | 82 (76–88) | 82 (76–88) | 0.86 |
| Socio-economics | ||||||
| Maternal schooling, years | 7 (3–9) | 4 (0–8) | <0.001 | 6 (2–9) | 5 (0–9) | 0.11 |
| Electricity in the house | 39 (138/353) | 34 (37/108) | 0.37 | 41 (56/137) | 35 (29/82) | 0.46 |
| Indoor toilet | 22 (76/353) | 21 (23/108) | 0.96 | 23 (32/137) | 20 (16/82) | 0.51 |
| Zinc roofb | 97 (342/353) | 99 (107/108) | 0.31 | 99 (134/136) | 98 (80/82) | 0.63 |
a
Data represent the% (No./Total) of infants for categorical variables and median (25p-75p) for continuous variables.
b
Different n due to missings, which are <10% except for maturity (131, 61, 51 and 37 missing), as this was only measured when child was born in the national hospital.
c
P values calculated with Chi-square or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and Wilcoxon ranksum test for continuous variables. Abbreviations: BCG, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference.