Table 3.
Characteristics of Ketoacidosis (DKA, SEVER DKA) and PICU in Lombardy From March 1st Through December 31, 2020, During the COVID-19 Pandemic, and During the Same Period in 2019, 2018 and 2017.
For diabetic ketoacidosis (ALL DKA) results were expressed as: number of cases of ketoacidosis / total number of T1D with available pH and/or HCO3; for SEVERE DKA, results were expressed as: number severe ketoacidosis / total number of ALL DKA; for PICU results were expressed as number of recovery in PICU / total number of T1D onsets. Tests of comparison between the four years were performed by Fisher's exact test for proportions, only for the whole groups (“All”).
Dec: December; Apr: april; Mar: march; N: number Nov: november; Oct: october; PICU: pediatric intensive care unit; Q: quartile; T1D: type 1 diabetes; ys: years.
| Year | ALL DKAN/T1D (%) | SEVERE DKAN/DKA (%) | PICUN/T1D (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | 2020 2019 2018 2017 p-value |
91/201 (45.3%) 65/189 (34.4%) 63/150 (42.0%) 56/163 (34.4%) 0.0712 |
39/91 (42.9%) 24/65 (36.9%) 20/63 (31.7%) 18/56 (32.1%) 0.4594 |
17/202 (8.4%) 10/194 (5.2%) 8/154 (5.2%) 7/166 (4.2%) 0.3596 |
| Gender: Female Male |
2020 2019 2018 2017 2020 2019 2018 2017 |
35/82 (42.7%) 32/92 (34.8%) 25/68 (36.8%) 28/76 (36.8%) 56/119 (47.1%) 33/97 (34.0%) 38/82 (46.3%) 28/87 (32.2%) |
13/35 (37.1%) 14/32 (43.8%) 10/25 (40.0%) 10/28 (35.7%) 26/56 (46.4%) 10/33 (31.2%) 10/38 (26.3%) 8/28 (28.6%) |
6/82 (7.3%) 4/95 (4.2%) 5/71 (7.0%) 3/78 (3.8%) 11/120 (9.2%) 6/99 (6.1%) 3/83 (3.6%) 4/88 (4.5%) |
| Age: 0–5 ys 6–11 ys 12–18 ys |
2020 2019 2018 2017 2020 2019 2018 2017 2020 2019 2018 2017 |
23/54 (42.6%) 12/43 (27.9%) 16/31 (51.6%) 14/40 (35.0%) 44/94 (46.8%) 27/93 (29.0%) 27/78 (34.6%) 24/78 (30.8%) 24/53 (45.3%) 26/53 (49.1%) 20/41 (48.8%) 18/45 (40.0%) |
12/23 (52.2%) 8/12 (66.7%) 8/16 (50.0%) 8/14 (57.1%) 19/44 (43.2%) 7/27 (25.9%) 9/27 (33.3%) 4/24 (16.7%) 8/24 (33.3%) 9/26 (34.6%) 3/20 (15.0%) 6/18 (33.3%) |
11/54 (20.4%) 3/44 (6.8%) 5/31 (16.1%) 3/41 (7.3%) 5/95 (5.3%) 1/93 (1.1%) 3/82 (3.7%) 2/80 (2.5%) 1/53 (1.9%) 6/57 (10.5%) 0/41 (0.0%) 2/45 (4.4%) |
| COVID-19 waves First (Mar/Apr) Second (Oct/Nov/Dec) |
2020 2019 2018 2017 2020 2019 2018 2017 |
10/30 (33.3%) 11/39 (28.2%) 10/25 (40.0%) 10/29 (34.5%) 35/84 (41.7%) 26/77 (33.8%) 23/64 (35.9%) 27/61 (44.3%) |
6/10 (60.0%) 8/11 (72.7%) 2/23 (8.7%) 2/10 (20.0%) 13/35 (37.1%) 11/26 (42.3%) 6/27 (22.2%) 11/27 (40.7%) |
3/30 (10.0%) 3/41 (7.3%) 1/27 (3.7%) 2/29 (6.9%) 7/84 (8.3%) 3/78 (3.8%) 2/65 (3.1%) 4/62 (6.5%) |