Supplementary Table 2.
Tolosa Hunt Syndrome (fulfilling International Classification of Headache Disorders 3/2 criteria) case series with cavernous internal carotid artery caliber assessment
| Author (year) | Number of cases | Vascular imaging | Response to steroids | Pain localization |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tsirigotaki et al. (2019)[50] | 2 (pediatric) | MRI - no evidence of ICA narrowing | Periorbital + temporal pain Periorbital |
|
| Akpinar et al. (2017)[51] | 7 | All CTA normal | Not available | |
| Hung et al. (2013)[52] | 49 (28 benign) | MRA/DSA - 1 had evidence of ICA narrowing | Not available | |
| Schuknecht et al. (2009)[53] | 15 | MRI - 7 had evidence of ICA narrowing | Complete resolution | Periorbital in all |
| Jain et al. (2008)[54] | 7 | MRI - 1 had evidence of ICA narrowing | Complete resolution | Retro-orbital in all |
| Monzillo et al. (2005)[55] | 6 (5 benign) | Angiography - no evidence of vascular malformations (query image suggestive of narrowed ICA caliber on MRI) | Periocular in all | |
| Haque et al. (2004)[56] | 5 | Dynamic MRI - normal flow voids in ICA | Retro-orbital Retro-orbital Periorbital + facial pain Periorbital + trigeminal neuralgia Periorbital + headache |
|
| Cakirer (2003)[57] | 5 | MRI - 2 had mild narrowing of ICA | Complete or partial resolution at 8 weeks | Orbital + periorbital pain in all |
| Wasmeier et al. (2002)[58] | 2 | Cerebral angiography, MRI - both had narrowing of ICA | Complete resolution | Periorbital + temporal headache, dysesthesia in V1 region Periorbital |
| Tessitore and Tessitore (2000)[59] | 2 | MRA - 1 had compressed in ICA | Fronto-temporal headache Fronto-orbital headache |
|
| Miwa et al. (1998)[60] | 10 (9 benign THS) | MRA/cerebral angiography - normal in all | Periorbital in all | |
| Takahashi et al. (1996)[61] | 2 | Cerebral angiography - 1 had stenosis of ICA | Significant radiological improvement at 7 weeks | Retro-orbital Headache |
| Imai et al. (1995)[62] | 2 | Carotid angiography - No evidence of ICA narrowing | Retro-orbital Hemicranial headache |
MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging, CTA: Computerized tomographic angiography, ICA: Internal carotid artery (cavernous), MRA: Magnetic resonance angiography, DSA: Digital subtraction angiography, THS: Tolosa Hunt Syndrome