. 2021 Jun 3;22(Suppl 4):e13296. doi: 10.1111/obr.13296

TABLE 3.

Summary of findings of meta‐analyses

Outcome	N studies	MD [95% CI] or SMD [95% CI]	P value	I² ‐ Tau² (P value)	[95% PI]
Effect observed after the intervention
Change in body weight	14	MD: −1.8 [−3.2; −0.4] kg	0.01	35% ‐ 2.28 (0.09)	[−5.4; 1.8]
Change in fat mass	9	MD: −2.1 [−3.7; −0.5] kg	0.01	50% ‐ 2.76 (0.04)
Change in lean body mass	11	MD: 0.7 [−0.2; 1.6] kg	0.13	45% ‐ 0.92 (0.05)	[−1.7; 3.1]
Change in bone mineral density	3	SMD: 0.44 [0.21; 0.67]	0.0002	0% ‐ 0.0 (0.40)
Change in VO₂max	8	SMD: 0.70 [0.35; 1.10]	<0.0001	42% ‐ 0.10 (0.10)
Change in muscle strength	9	SMD: 0.82 [0.48; 1.16]	<0.0001	42% ‐ 0.11 (0.09)
Change in walking distance	6	SMD: 1.46 [0.27; 2.66]	0.02	90% ‐ 1.98 (<0.001)
Systolic blood pressure	4	MD: −4.2 [−9.3; 1.0] mmHg	0.12	47% ‐ 12.7 (0.13)
Diastolic blood pressure	4	MD: −2.3 [−8.5; 3.9] mmHg	0.47	77% ‐ 29.1 (0.005)
HOMA‐IR	2	SMD: 0.14 [−0.10; 0.38]	0.27	0% ‐ 0.0 (0.49)
LDL‐c	3	SMD: −0.18 [−0.46; 0.09]	0.20	0% ‐ 0.0 (0.59)
HDL‐c	4	SMD: 0.10 [−0.16; 0.37]	0.45	0% ‐ 0.0 (0.51)
Triglycerides	4	SMD: 0.01 [−0.26; 0.27]	0.97	0% ‐ 0.0 (0.88)
Quality of life—physical dimension	2	MD: −2.5 [−5.1; 0.2]	0.07	0% ‐ 0.0 (0.32)
Quality of life—mental dimension	2	MD: 3.9 [−0.5; 8.3]	0.08	0% ‐ 0.0 (0.37)
Effect observed after a follow‐up without exercise^a
Change in body weight	2	MD: −4.7 [−7.2; −2.1] kg	0.0003	0% ‐ 0.0 (0.49)
Change in muscle strength	2	SMD: 0.78 [−0.08; 1.64]	0.08	57% ‐ 0.23 (0.13)

Note: 95% PI: 95% prediction intervals. 95% PI were calculated when the number of studies included in the meta‐analysis was ≥10 for a given outcome.

Abbreviations: HDL‐c, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA‐IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL‐c, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; MD, mean difference; PI, prediction interval; SMD, standardized mean difference.

^{^a}

Data are the difference between body weight or muscle strength after several months of follow‐up without exercise (3 months in the study by Herring et al.⁴⁹ and 12 months in the study by Mundbjerg et al.²⁷) versus same outcomes measured before the beginning of the exercise training program.