Figure 5.

Quantification of the AhR activity of supernatants collected during fermentation using the cell reporter assay. HepG2‐Lucia AhR reporter cells were incubated for 48 h with vehicle (medium or 1% v/v DMSO) and fermented samples. Trp, fermented with tryptophan; SP, fermented with isolated soybean protein; SC, fermented with single soybean cells; CC, fermented with clustered soybean cells. Results are normalized by control samples fermented without supplied substrates and expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 3). Bars with different lowercase letters indicate treatments that are significantly different (p < 0.05, two‐way ANOVA followed by a Tukey post‐hoc test).