FIGURE 5.

Test Case 1. In (A), the colored circles represent the original parameters α ⁱ plotted against the corresponding learned parameters ${\widehat{\alpha }}^i$ for the training individuals (i = 1, …, N _P). Conversely, the black crosses represent the original parameters ${\alpha }^{N_P+k}$ plotted against the corresponding estimated parameters ${\widehat{\alpha }}^{N_P+k}$ for the testing individuals. In the first row of (B) we show the evolution of ${\theta }^{N_P+1}\left(\tau \right)$ (blue solid line), while the black dashed line represent the value of ${\widehat{\theta }}^{N_P+1}\left(\tau \right)$ estimated by means of the EKF algorithm (for $\tau \in \left[0,{\mathcal{T}}^{\mathrm{obs}}\right]$) and its predicted value (for $\tau \in \left({\mathcal{T}}^{\mathrm{obs}},\mathcal{T}\right]$). In the second row of (B), we show the evolution of the estimation of the value of ${\widehat{\alpha }}^{N_P+1}$, with the ±3σ bands, where σ denotes the standard deviation of the estimate