TABLE 1.

Pharmacokinetic parameters of encountered BZRA's as applied in Equations 1 and 2

BZRA	F	t₁/₂ abs	Ka	Vd	CL	Kel	References
Alprazolam	90	19.2	2.17	0.84	67.2	0.080	Greenblatt and Wright (1993); Smith, Kroboth, Vanderlugt, Phillips, and Juhl (1984); Wright (1995)
Brotizolam	70	10.2	4.08	0.66	111	0.168	Jochemsen, Wesselman, Hermans, Van Boxtel, and Breimer (1983); Langley and Clissold (1988); Scavone, Greenblatt, Harmatz, and Shader (1986)
Clonazepam	90	24.6	1.69	2.95	42	0.014	Berlin and Dahlström (1975); Crevoisier, Delisle, Joseph, and Foletti (2003); Greenblatt et al. (2005); Wishart et al. (2018)
Clorazepate	91	18.6	2.24	1.28	13.2	0.010	Ochs, Steinhaus, Locniskar, Knüchel, and Greenblatt (1982); Shader et al. (1981); Wishart et al. (2018)
Diazepam	94	31.8	1.31	1.83	21	0.011	Divoll, Greenblatt, Ochs, and Shader (1983); Eatman et al. (1977); Greenblatt, Allen, Harmatz, and Shader (1980); Greenblatt, Harmatz, Friedman, Locniskar, and Shader (1989)
Lorazepam	90	32.4	1.28	1.15	57	0.050	Greenblatt (1981); Greenblatt, Divoll, Harmatz, and Shader (1982); Wishart et al. (2018)
Lormetazepam	94	102	0.41	6.8	240	0.035	Hildebrand, Hellstern, Hümpel, Hellenbrecht, and Saller (1990); Kampf, Huempel, Lerche, and Kessel (1981); Lombardo, Obach, Shalaeva, and Gao (2002)
Midazolam	50	18	2.31	1.3	330	0.253	Greenblatt et al. (1984); Malacrida, Fritz, Suter, and Crevoisier (1992); Wishart et al. (2018)
Nitrazepam	100	16.2	2.57	2.55	54	0.021	Greenblatt et al. (1985); Jochemsen et al. (1982)
Oxazepam	93	37.8	1.1	1.5	87	0.058	Greenblatt (1981); Sonne et al. (1988)
Temazepam	95	117	0.36	1.4	71.4	0.051	Divoll, Greenblatt, Harmatz, and Shader (1981); Schwarz (1979); Wishart et al. (2018)
Zolpidem	70	37.8	2.24	0.54	348	0.644	Greenblatt et al. (2013); Langtry and Benfield (1990); Olubodun et al. (2002); Salvà and Costa (1995)
Zopiclone	80	‐	3.49	‐	228	0.172	Caille, Du Souich, Spenard, Lacasse, and Vezina (1984); Fernandez, Martin, Gimenez, and Farinotti (1995); Gaillot, Heusse, Hougton, Aurele, and Dreyfus (1983); Noble, Langtry, and Lamb (1998)

Abbreviations: BZRA, benzodiazepine receptor agonists; CL, Clearance rate (ml/h/kg); F, bioavailability (% of drug absorbed); Kel, elimination rate constant (h⁻¹), calculated as Kel = CL/Vd; t₁/₂ abs, absorption half‐life (min); Ka, absorption rate constant (h⁻¹), calculated as Ka = Ln (2)/t₁/₂ abs; Vd, Apparent volume of distribution (L/kg).