Figure 2.

The traditional scenario of perinatal brain injury (A) postulates that a single and an abrupt insult damages existing structure, expressed as altered function. This process often occurs from immune intolerance introducing an inflammatory process. Malaeb and Dammann (40) proposes an alternative view (B), which postulates that after an initial trigger has occurred, an ongoing interaction between innate and adaptive immune processes adversely affects the development of structure and function over an extended period of time through infectious or non-infectious inflammatory mechanisms affecting the developing brain.