Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, neurophysiological, and neuroradiological descriptions of each child.
| ID | Age* (years) | Age of onset** (years) | Sex | Laterality of EZ | Location of EZ | MRI features | Focal vs. multifocal | No. of IEDs | Medications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8 | Female | Left | Temporal | Tuberous sclerosis | Focal | 2 | NZP and ZNS | |
| 2 | 14 | 4 | Female | Left | Frontal | Cryptogenic | Focal | 2 | LCM and LVT |
| 3 | 11 | 0.25 | Male | Left | Hypothalamus/temporal | Hypothalamic hamartoma | Focal | 59 | LVT |
| 4 | 15 | 10 | Male | Left | Posterior quadrant | Cryptogenic | Multifocal | 31, 10 | CBZ |
| 5 | 17 | Male | Right | Parietal | Focal cortical dysplasia | Multifocal | 51, 37, 71, 28 | LVT, CBZ, and VPA | |
| 6 | 15 | 10 | Male | Right | Frontal-central | Cryptogenic | Focal | 15 | CBZ |
| 7 | 17 | 3 | Female | Left | Temporal | Cryptogenic | Multifocal | 175, 30, 131 | LVT |
| 8 | 14 | 2.5 | Female | Right | Temporal | Focal cortical dysplasia | Multifocal | 206, 16 | LVT and TOP |
| 9 | 11 | 6 | Female | Right | Frontal-temporal | Cryptogenic | Focal | 132 | CBZ and LTG |
| 10 | 11 | 7 | Female | Right | Frontal | Focal cortical dysplasia | Focal | 141 | OXC |
| 11 | 17 | 10 | Female | Right | Frontal | Cryptogenic | Focal | 34 | LTG and LEV |
| 12 | 16 | 6 | Female | Left | Frontal | Cryptogenic | Focal | 7 | VPA and CBZ |
| 13 | 16 | 13 | Female | Left | Insula | Focal cortical dysplasia | Focal | 76 | TPM and CBZ |
| 14 | 11 | 3 | Male | Right | Frontal | Cryptogenic | Multifocal | 128, 29 | CBZ |
| 15 | 11 | 8 | Male | Right | Frontal | Cryptogenic | Multifocal | 25, 1 | LVT and VPA |
| 16 | 16 | 2 | Female | Left | Temporal-parietal-occipital | Polymicrogyria | Multifocal | 236, 62, 39 | LEV and CLNZ |
| 17 | 15 | 9 | Male | Left | Temporo-occipital | Hippocampal sclerosis | Multifocal | 83, 21 | LMT 575 Zonasimne 200 |
| 18 | 15 | 8 | Male | Left | Fronto-temporal | Focal cortical dysplasia | Focal | 112 | OXZC 1200 LVT |
| 19 | 17 | 5 | Female | Left | Frontal | Cryptogenic | Focal | 82 | OXC |
| 20 | 8 | 4 | Female | Left | Frontal | Middle cerebral artery stroke | Focal | 150 | VPA 1200, LEV 600, ETHX 1000 |
| 21 | 16 | Male | Left | Frontal | Cryptogenic | Multifocal | 129, 77 | PMP | |
| 22 | 13 | 3 | Male | Left | Frontal | Focal cortical dysplasia | Focal | 26 | OXC and CLBZ |
| 23 | 10 | 3 | Female | Left | Frontal | Cryptogenic | Multifocal | 47, 4 | LVT and CBZ |
| 24 | 11 | 6 | Male | Right | Posterior quadrant | Cryptogenic | Multifocal | 25, 23, 5 | OXC |
| 25 | 17 | 8 | Male | Left | Frontal | Cryptogenic | Multifocal | 35, 13 | LVT, OXC, and CLBZ |
| 26 | 17 | Male | Right | Occipital | Ischaemic perinatal insult | Focal | 21 | OXC, LMT, and LVT 2000 | |
| 27 | 18 | Female | Right | Frontal | Focal cortical dysplasia | Multifocal | 148, 6 | LTG | |
| 28 | 17 | 5 | Female | Right | Fronto-temporal | Bilateral polymicrogyria | Multifocal | 242, 43 | LVT and VPA |
| 29 | 11 | Female | Right | Parietal | Cryptogenic | Focal | 81 | OXC, PHE, and CLBZ | |
| 30 | 17 | 5 | Male | Left | Frontal | Cryptogenic | Focal | 67 | LVT and LAC |
| 31 | 11 | 5 | Female | Right | Parietal | Focal cortical dysplasia | Focal | 450 | OXC, CLBZ, and VPA |
| 32 | 17 | 12 | Female | Left | Frontal | Cryptogenic | Multifocal | 62, 1, 75 | VPA |
| 33 | 13 | 7 | Female | Left | Frontal | Focal cortical dysplasia | Multifocal | 128, 23 | VPA |
| 34 | 15 | Female | Right | Posterior cingulate | Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor | Focal | 26 | LVT and LTG | |
| 35 | 7 | Male | Left | Frontal | Cryptogenic | Focal | 145 | LVT, OXC, and CLBZ |
The number of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) are listed for each IED type within each patient. EZ, epileptogenic zone; IED, interictal epileptiform discharge;
*
Age rounded to nearest integer.
**
Age-of-onset (if known) is an approximate. CBZ, Carbamazepine; CLBZ, Clobazam; GAB, Gabapentin; LCM, Lacosamide; LTG, Lamotrigine; LVT, Levetiracetam; NZP, nitrazepam; OXC, Oxcarbazepine; PHE, Phenobarbital; PGB, Pregabalin; PMP, Perampanel; RUF, Rufinamide; TPM, Topiramate; VPA, Valproate; ZNS, Zonisamide.