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. 2021 Aug 2;12:699684. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.699684

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Copyright © 2021 Chi, Ma, Li, Quan, Han, Ding, Liang, Zhang, Song and Liu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The expression of miRNAs and their involvement in immunological dysfunction of SLE. The aberrant expression of miRNAs can be noticed in almost every vital process of SLE. The expression levels of anti-inflammatory miRNAs, such as miR-19b, miR-146a, miR-142-5p, miR-124b and miR-422a, decrease, while the expression levels of pro-inflammatory miRNAs, such as miR-146a, miR-224, miR-29b, miR-31 and miR-150, increase. Dysregulated miRNAs disturb the normal biological procedure of immune response by swaying the expression of pivotal protein molecule (e.g. CD40, CD40L, IFN, BAFF) directly or indirectly. These processes lead to autoimmune and tissue damage with aberrantly activated T lymphocytes, over-activated B cells, autoantibody accumulation and abnormally increased inflammatory cytokines in SLE. IC, immune complex; TCR, T cell receptor.