Table 3.
Selected RCTs comparing the effects of systemic lidocaine versus saline placebo on serum cytokine concentration.
| First Author | Year | Surgery Type & No. Recruited | I.V. Lidocaine Dosing | Effects on Postoperative Serum Inflammatory Marker Concentrations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ortiz (128) | 2016 | Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (n=44, 22 per group) |
1.5 mg.kg-1 bolus then 3 mg.kg-1.h-1 until 1 hour post-surgery | IL-1, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNFα reduced in i.v. lidocaine group and IL-10 increased compared with placebo group |
| Song (129) | 2017 | Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (n=80, 40 per group) |
1.5 mg.kg-1 bolus then 2 mg.kg-1.h-1 until end of surgery | IL-6 and IL-8 reduced in i.v. lidocaine group and no effect on IL-1ra compared with saline placebo |
| Kuo (130) | 2006 | Colon cancer surgery (n=60, 30 per group) |
2 mg.kg−1 bolus then 3 mg.kg−1.h−1 until end of surgery | IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1ra reduced by both i.v. and epidural lidocaine compared with saline placebo |
| Herroeder (131) | 2007 | Colorectal surgery (n=60, 30 per group) |
1.5 mg.kg-1 bolus then 2 mg.kg-1.h-1 until 4 hours post-surgery | Lidocaine attenuated increase of IL-6 and IL-8, no effect on IL-1β and TNF-α |
| Yardeni (132) | 2009 | Open hysterectomy (n=65, 32/33 in each group) | 2 mg.kg−1 bolus then 1.5 mg.kg−1.h−1 until end of surgery | Lidocaine attenuated the increase of IL-6 and IL-1ra produced by lipopolysaccharide–stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells |
| Sridhar (133) | 2015 | Open abdominal surgery (n=134, 67 per group) |
2 mg.kg−1 bolus then 1.5 mg.kg−1.h−1 until 1 hour post-surgery | Lidocaine attenuated IL-6 compared to saline placebo |
| Dewinter (134) | 2017 | Spinal surgery (n=70, 35 per group) |
1.5 mg.kg-1 bolus then 1.5 mg.kg-1.h-1 until 6 hours post-surgery | No significant differences between IL-6 and IL-1ra between the lidocaine and placebo groups |
| van den Heuvel (135) | 2020 | Breast cancer surgery (n=48, 24 received lidocaine) |
1.5 mg.kg-1 bolus then 2 mg.kg-1.h-1 until 1 hour post-surgery | No effect attributed to lidocaine on serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1ra |
| de Oliveira (136) | 2015 | Open hysterectomy (n=40, 20 per group) |
No bolus, 2 mg.kg-1.h-1 infusion during surgery | No difference in serum IL-6 detected |
| Xu (137) | 2021 | Laparoscopic hysterectomy (n=160, 4 groups of 40) |
1.5 mg.kg-1 bolus then 1.5 mg.kg-1.h-1 until 30 mins before end of surgery | No difference in serum IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α between control group receiving saline and group receiving lidocaine |