Table 3.
Differences in autism symptoms in ASD children with and without common sleep problems
| Item | Bedtime Resistance,Mean ± SD/ Median (IQR) | Z/t | P | Sleep Anxiety, Mean ± SD/ Median (IQR) | Z/t | P | Sleep Onset Delay,Mean ± SD/ Median (IQR) | Z/t | P | Daytime sleepiness, Mean ± SD/ Median (IQR) | Z/t | P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (−) | (+) | (−) | (+) | (−) | (+) | (−) | (+) | |||||||||
| ABC | ||||||||||||||||
| Sensory stimuli | 7 (3–11) | 8 (3–12) | −1.632 | 0.103 | 7 (3–11) | 9 (4–12) | −3.541 | <0.001 | 7 (3–11) | 8 (4.75–13) | −3.551 | <0.001 | 7 (3–11) | 8.5 (5.25–13) | −3.868 | <0.001 |
| Sensorial relating | 12.97 ± 7.76 | 12.74 ± 7.77 | 0.446 | 0.655 | 12.59 ± 7.7 | 13.89 ± 7.88 | −2.425 | 0.015 | 12.41 ± 7.67 | 15.23 ± 7.76 | −4.726 | <0.001 | 12.5 ± 7.78 | 15.13 ± 7.26 | −4.162 | <0.001 |
| Body and object use | 7 (3–12) | 7 (3–12) | −0.858 | 0.391 | 6 (2–12) | 8 (4–13) | −3.316 | 0.001 | 6 (3–12) | 9 (3–14) | −4.206 | <0.001 | 7 (3–12) | 7 (3–13) | −1.328 | 0.184 |
| Language | 11 (6–17) | 10 (5–15) | −2.553 | 0.011 | 11 (5–16) | 11 (5–18) | −1.302 | 0.193 | 11 (5–16) | 12 (6–19) | −2.166 | 0.030 | 11 (5–16) | 13 (6–19) | −2 | 0.046 |
| Social self-help | 10.74 ± 5.23 | 10.56 ± 5.15 | 0.52 | 0.603 | 10.46 ± 5.19 | 11.42 ± 5.18 | −2.675 | 0.008 | 10.44 ± 5.21 | 11.84 ± 5 | −3.472 | 0.001 | 10.51 ± 5.23 | 11.69 ± 4.93 | −2.793 | 0.005 |
| Total score | 49 (35–66) | 49 (33–66) | −0.377 | 0.706 | 47.5 (34–64) | 54 (38–71) | −3.455 | 0.001 | 46 (33–65) | 57 (42–75) | −5.453 | <0.001 | 49.74 ± 23.56 | 56.92 ± 24.31 | −3.842 | <0.001 |
| SRS | ||||||||||||||||
| Social awareness | 11.24 ± 3.31 | 11.9 ± 3.47 | −2.836 | 0.005 | 11.18 ± 3.28 | 12.15 ± 3.52 | −4.083 | <0.001 | 11.14 ± 3.32 | 12.63 ± 3.27 | −5.812 | <0.001 | 11.19 ± 3.31 | 12.49 ± 3.4 | −4.817 | <0.001 |
| Social cognition | 17.85 ± 4.83 | 18.56 ± 4.26 | −2.317 | 0.021 | 17.68 ± 4.71 | 19.19 ± 4.53 | −4.570 | <0.001 | 17.82 ± 4.71 | 18.99 ± 4.57 | −3.216 | 0.001 | 17.78 ± 4.75 | 19.33 ± 4.26 | −4.112 | <0.001 |
| Social communication | 31.92 ± 9.15 | 33.73 ± 9.2 | −2.838 | 0.005 | 31.68 ± 9.1 | 34.68 ± 9.12 | −4.647 | <0.001 | 31.79 ± 9.14 | 35 ± 8.96 | −4.560 | <0.001 | 31.78 ± 9.22 | 35.41 ± 8.41 | −4.949 | <0.001 |
| Social motivation | 15 (11–19) | 15 (11–19) | −0.748 | 0.454 | 14 (11–18) | 16 (12–20) | −3.495 | <0.001 | 14.92 ± 5.12 | 16.09 ± 5.04 | −2.976 | 0.003 | 14.86 ± 5.09 | 16.52 ± 5.09 | −4.041 | <0.001 |
| Autistic mannerisms | 13 (9–17) | 13 (9–18) | −0.3 | 0.764 | 12 (8.5–17) | 14 (10–19) | −4.548 | <0.001 | 13 (9–17) | 14.5 (10–19) | −3.888 | <0.001 | 12 (9–17) | 15 (11–19) | −4.55 | <0.001 |
| Total score | 89.35 ± 23.74 | 92.95 ± 23.39 | −2.198 | 0.028 | 88.22 ± 23.18 | 97.1 ± 24.22 | −5.369 | <0.001 | 88.61 ± 23.59 | 97.72 ± 22.79 | −5.014 | <0.001 | 88.57 ± 23.6 | 98.95 ± 22.31 | −5.488 | <0.001 |
| CARS | ||||||||||||||||
| Total score | 33 (28–38) | 31 (27–36) | −3.084 | 0.002 | 32.91 ± 7.04 | 33.21 ± 7.07 | −0.589 | 0.556 | 32.5 (28–37) | 33 (29–38) | −1.719 | 0.086 | 32.79 ± 6.94 | 34.25 ± 7.64 | −2.322 | 0.02 |
| Communication warning behavior | ||||||||||||||||
| Total score | 42.34 ± 22.36 | 42.61 ± 21.08 | −0.164 | 0.869 | 41 (24–58) | 46 (32–61) | −2.386 | 0.017 | 42 (24–58) | 45.5 (28.5–62.75) | −1.834 | 0.067 | 42 (24–58) | 45.5 (31–63.25) | −1.714 | 0.087 |