TABLE 1.
Clinicopathological correlations associated with gamma‐synuclein (SNCG) expression
| Variables | ECC (n = 96) | ICC (n = 51) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SNCG (+) (n = 22) | SNCG (−) (n = 74) | p | SNCG (+) (n = 10) | SNCG (−) (n = 41) | p | |
| Male | 18 (81.8) | 55 (74.3) | 0.47 | 6 (60.0) | 29 (70.7) | 0.51 |
| Age (years) | 68.3 ± 9.1 | 67.7 ± 9.6 | 0.78 | 69.8 ± 11.3 | 65.0 ± 10.2 | 0.20 |
| CEA (ng/ml) | 3.8 ± 4.2 | 3.0 ± 1.6 | 0.39 | 13.2 ± 28.5 | 7.5 ± 14.4 | 0.37 |
| CA19‐9 (ng/ml) | 1127.5 ± 4.774.8 | 124.4 ± 230.9 | 0.34 | 1840.1 ± 5456.0 | 777.5 ± 3167.0 | 0.42 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 4 (18.2) | 20 (28.2) | 0.35 | 2 (20.0) | 7 (17.5) | 0.85 |
| Liver cirrhosis | — | — | 1 (10.0) | 4 (9.8) | 0.98 | |
| Hepatic viral status | — | — | 2 (20.0) | 11 (27.5) | 0.63 | |
| Primary lesion | ||||||
| Distal | 15 (68.2) | 46 (62.2) | 0.61 | — | — | |
| Perihilar | 7 (31.8) | 28 (37.8) | — | — | ||
| Surgical resection | 0.51 | 0.95 | ||||
| PD | 13 (59.1) | 33 (44.6) | — | — | ||
| EHBD | 2 (9.1) | 10 (13.5) | — | — | ||
| Hx+EHBD | 7 (31.8) | 27 (36.5) | 5 (50.0) | 20 (48.8) | ||
| Hx | — | — | 5 (50.0) | 21 (51.2) | ||
| HPD | 0 (0.0) | 4 (5.4) | — | — | ||
| Depth of invasion | ||||||
| Carcinoma in situ or invasion to fibromuscular layer | 0 (0.0) | 6 (8.1) | 0.25 | — | — | |
| Invasion into subserosa | 15 (68.2) | 53 (71.6) | — | — | ||
| Beyond serosal invasion | 7 (31.8) | 15 (20.3) | — | — | ||
| Mass forming + periductal infiltrating type | — | — | 1 (10.0) | 8 (19.5) | 0.48 | |
| Tumor size (cm) | — | — | 6.2 ± 4.2 | 5.0 ± 2.9 | 0.28 | |
| Differentiation | ||||||
| Well | 1 (4.5) | 27 (36.5) | 0.01 | 0 (0) | 11 (26.8) | 0.03 |
| Moderate | 13 (59.1) | 36 (48.6) | 8 (80.0) | 28 (68.3) | ||
| Poor | 8 (36.4) | 11 (14.9) | 2 (20.0) | 1 (2.4) | ||
| Unclassified | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.4) | ||
| Invasion to other organs | 9 (40.9) | 17 (23.0) | 0.10 | 0 (0.0) | 3 (7.3) | 0.38 |
| Perineural invasion | ||||||
| 0–1 | 5 (22.7) | 35 (47.3) | 0.04 | 8 (80.0) | 28 (68.3) | 0.47 |
| 2–3 | 17 (77.3) | 39 (52.7) | 2 (20.0) | 13 (31.7) | ||
| Lymphatic invasion | ||||||
| 0–1 | 10 (45.5) | 43 (58.1) | 0.30 | 8 (80.0) | 33 (80.5) | 0.97 |
| 2–3 | 12 (54.5) | 31 (41.9) | 2 (20.0) | 8 (19.5) | ||
| Vascular invasion | ||||||
| 0–1 | 8 (36.4) | 42 (56.8) | 0.09 | 8 (80.0) | 35 (85.4) | 0.68 |
| 2–3 | 14 (63.6) | 32 (43.2) | 2 (20.0) | 6 (14.6) | ||
| Invasion to major vessels | 1 (6.3) | 13 (24.5) | 0.11 | 4 (40.0) | 14 (34.1) | 0.73 |
| Lymph node metastasis | 14 (63.6) | 21 (28.4) | 0.003 | 5 (50.0) | 13 (31.7) | 0.28 |
| R1 resection | 3 (13.6) | 17 (23.0) | 0.34 | 1 (10.0) | 5 (12.2) | 0.85 |
| Adjuvant therapy | 12 (54.5) | 26 (35.1) | 0.11 | 5 (50.0) | 16 (39.0) | 0.61 |
Data are presented as mean values ± SDs for continuous variables and numbers (%) for categorical variables. Bold emphasis indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05).
Abbreviations: CA19‐9, carbohydrate antigen 19‐9; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; EHBD, extrahepatic bile duct resection; HPD, combined hepatectomy and pancreatoduodenectomy; Hx, hepatectomy; Hx+EHBD, hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection; NCG, gamma‐synuclein; PD, pancreatoduodenectomy.