TABLE 2.
Univariate analysis of the prognostic factors for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
| Overall survival | Recurrence‐free survival | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | p | HR | 95% CI | p | ||
| Sex | Male | 1.6 | 0.8–3.4 | 0.19 | 1.1 | 0.6–2.0 | 0.81 |
| Female | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Age (years) | ≥70 | 1.9 | 0.9–4.1 | 0.12 | 1.6 | 0.8–3.0 | 0.15 |
| <70 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| CEA (ng/ml) | ≥5 | 0.8 | 0.2–3.6 | 0.82 | 1.3 | 0.6–3.1 | 0.50 |
| <5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| CA19‐9 (ng/ml) | ≥37 | 3.7 | 1.7–8.1 | 0.001 | 1.9 | 1.1–3.3 | 0.02 |
| <37 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Diabetes mellitus | Present | 0.8 | 0.3–1.9 | 0.57 | 1.0 | 0.5–1.8 | 0.92 |
| Absent | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Location | Perihilar | 1.6 | 0.8–3.3 | 0.20 | 1.4 | 0.8–2.5 | 0.19 |
| Distal | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Surgical procedure | PD | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| EHBD | 1.7 | 0.6–4.7 | 0.34 | 1.7 | 0.8–3.6 | 0.18 | |
| Hx+EHBD | 1.8 | 0.8–3.9 | 0.16 | 1.5 | 0.8–2.7 | 0.20 | |
| HPD | 8.2 | 1.7–39.8 | 0.01 | 4.6 | 1.3–16.1 | 0.02 | |
| Differentiation | Poorly differentiated | 1.5 | 0.7–3.5 | 0.33 | 1.8 | 0.9–3.3 | 0.07 |
| Others | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Depth of invasion | Invasion into subserosa or beyond bile duct wall | 4.0 | 0.9–17.6 | 0.06 | 3.3 | 1.2–9.2 | 0.02 |
| Carcinoma in situ or invasion to fibromuscular layer | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Invasion to other organs | Positive | 1.9 | 0.9–4.0 | 0.09 | 1.7 | 0.9–2.9 | 0.09 |
| Negative | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Invasion to major vessels | Positive | 1.3 | 0.5–3.3 | 0.53 | 1.1 | 0.5–2.4 | 0.81 |
| Negative | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Perineural invasion | 2–3 | 3.9 | 1.7–8.8 | 0.001 | 2.4 | 1.4–4.4 | 0.002 |
| 0–1 | 1.0 | ||||||
| Lymphatic invasion | 2–3 | 3.3 | 1.6–7.1 | 0.002 | 3.3 | 1.9–5.8 | <0.001 |
| 0–1 | 1.0 | ||||||
| Vascular invasion | 2–3 | 3.6 | 1.7–7.5 | 0.001 | 2.5 | 1.4–4.3 | 0.001 |
| 0–1 | 1.0 | ||||||
| Lymph node metastasis | Positive | 2.3 | 1.1–4.6 | 0.02 | 2.0 | 1.2–3.4 | 0.01 |
| Negative | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Curability | R1 resection | 2.2 | 1.03–4.7 | 0.04 | 1.3 | 0.7–2.4 | 0.49 |
| R0 resection | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Adjuvant therapy | Present | 1.0 | 0.5–2.0 | 0.95 | 1.1 | 0.6–1.9 | 0.79 |
| Absent | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| SNCG | Positive | 2.7 | 1.3–5.6 | 0.01 | 2.2 | 1.2–3.8 | 0.01 |
| Negative | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Bold emphasis indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05).
Abbreviations: CA19‐9, carbohydrate antigen 19–9; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; CI, confidential interval; EHBD, extrahepatic bile duct resection; HPD, combined hepatectomy and pancreatoduodenectomy; HR, hazard ratio; Hx+EHBD, hepatic resection with extrahepatic bile duct resection; PD, pancreatoduodenectomy; SNCG, gamma‐synuclein.