Table 8.
Draft of COVID 19 vaccine candidates- WHO landscape 2020.
| Description of vaccine | Type of vaccine candidate | The target for coronavirus | Non-corona virus candidate’s same platform | Developers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A vaccine based on DNA | Vaccine inserts compatible with multiple delivery systems are engineered | SARS-CoV-2 and Sarbeco-CoV | University of Cambridge + DIOSynVax Ltd | |
| DNA Vaccine | SARS-CoV2 | University of Ege | ||
| Plasmid DNA vaccine N and RBD | Nottingham/Nottingham Trent University/Scancell | |||
| DNA with electroporation | Cobra Biologics/Karolinska Institute | |||
| DNA with electroporation | Vaccine Research Center Chula | |||
| DNA | Evvivax/Applied DNA Sciences/Takis | |||
| Needle-free delivery for DNA with plasmid | SARS | PharmaJet/Immunomic Therapeutics, Inc./EpiVax, Inc. | ||
| S, S1, S2, RBD and N, DNA plasmid vaccine | Egypt, National Research Centre | |||
| DNA vaccine | BioNet Asia | |||
| ms DNA vaccine | Waterloo University/MediphageBioceuticals | |||
| DNA Vaccine | Santos Pharmaceuticals | |||
| S-gene containing DNA plasmids | Biosun Pharmed | |||
| Plasmid vaccine with DNA | Bangladesh, Globe Biotech Limited | |||
| Nanostructured RBD with plasmid DNA | Slovenia, National Institute of Chemistry | |||
| Vaccine encoding RBD with plasmid DNA | Norway, Vaccibody, Oslo Research Park | |||
| Immunostimulatory DNA sequences | Inserm | |||
| Inactivated virus (IV) | CpG 1018 + Inactivated, egg-based, Membrane expressing whole Chimeric Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) - SARS - CoV- 2, S protein (Lexapro) anchored Pre-fusion-stabilized trimeric | PATH/Dynavax/Institute of Vaccines and Medical Biologicals (IVAC; Vietnam) | ||
| CpG 1018 + Inactivated, egg-based, Membrane expressing whole Chimeric Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) - SARS - CoV- 2, S protein (Lexapro) anchored Pre-fusion-stabilized trimeric | PATH/Dynavax/GPO; Thailand) | |||
| CpG 1018 + Inactivated, egg-based, Membrane expressing whole Chimeric Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) - SARS - CoV- 2, S protein (Lexapro) anchored Pre-fusion-stabilized trimeric | PATH/Dynavax/Institute Butantan (Brazil) | |||
| Alum + Inactivated | J.E., ZIKA | KM Biologics | ||
| Inactivated | University of Selcuk | |||
| NIBIOHN/BIKEN/University of Osaka | ||||
| CpG 1018 + Inactivated | Dynavax/Sinovac | |||
| CpG 1018 + Inactivated | Dynavax/Valneva | |||
| The whole virus Inactivated | Egypt, National Research Centre | |||
| Inactivated | Kocak Farma Ilac ve Kimya San. A. S | |||
| Alum + Inactivated | Shifa Pharmed | |||
| Inactivated | MMR, IPV | Milad Pharmaceutics Co. | ||
| Inactivated | MMR, IPV | Zista Kian Azuma Co. | ||
| Live attenuated virus (LAV) | Live attenuated vaccines, which are codon deoptimized | AcıbademLabmed Health Services A.S./Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University | ||
| Live attenuated vaccines, which are codon deoptimized | University of Griffith/Indian Immunologicals Ltd | |||
| Live attenuated bacterial vector (LABV) | Live attenuated vaccine bacterial (pertussis) | Institut Pasteur Lille | ||
| Live attenuated bacterial vector | TheRex, ALtraBio | |||
| Viral vector (non-replicating) | Sendai virus vector | I.D. Pharma | ||
| Adenovirus-based | University of Ankara | |||
| (AAV SARS-COV-2) Adeno-associated virus vector | AveXis/Massachusetts General Hospital/Massachusetts Eye and Ear | |||
| VLP encoded by MVA | MARV, HIV, EBOV, LASV | BravoVax/GeoVax | ||
| MVA-S encoded | Multiple candidates | IDT Biologika GmbH/GCIR-DZIF | ||
| MVA-S | Spain, IDIBAPS-Hospital Clinic | |||
| Adeno5-based | University of Erciyes | |||
| (GREVAX™ platform) Ad5 S | MERS | Greffex | ||
| Oral Ad5 S | HSV-2, VZV, Zika and Norovirus | Stabilitech Biopharma Ltd | ||
| HLA-matched peptides + adenovirus-based | Pan-Corona | Valo Therapeutics Ltd | ||
| Structural proteins expressing MVA | SARS-CoV2 | Multiple candidates | Spain, Centro Nacional Biotecnología | |
| Spike protein expressing vaccine Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5)-based | MERS | Lowa University/Georgia University | ||
| S1 containing Recombinant deactivated rabies virus | CCHFV, LASSA, EBOV, MERS, NiV, HeV | Thomas Jefferson University/Bharat Biotech | ||
| H1N1 vector H1N1 vector | Egypt, National Research Centre | |||
| S expressing Newcastle disease virus | Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine | |||
| Lentiviral Vector | Institut Pasteur -Theravectys | |||
| Lentiviral Vector | AIOVA | |||
| Retro-VLP Particles Lentiviral Vector | University of Sorbonne | |||
| intranasal administration Ad 5 vector | Eastern Finland University and Helsinki University | |||
| TBD | VEE, HBV, RVF, EBOV, LASV, CHIKV, NORV, InfA | Vaxart | ||
| Protein subunit (P.S.) | Mannose-conjugated chitosan nanoparticle delivered via RBD protein | University of Kazakh National Agrarian/University of Ohio State | ||
| Essai O/W 1,849,101 adjuvant with recombinant spike protein | University of Kazakh National Agrarian | |||
| Peptides | Neo7Logic | |||
| Essai O/W 1,849,101 adjuvant with recombinant spike protein | National Scientific Center for Especially Dangerous Infections/Kazakhstan, University of Kazakh National Agrarian | |||
| Recombinant spike protein | Colloids and Interfaces Max-Planck-Institute | |||
| FAR-Squalene adjuvant + RBD protein (baculovirus production) | Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH)/FarmacológicosVeterinarios SAC (FARVET SAC) | |||
| Protein Subunit | Rep of Kazakhstan, Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems | |||
| RBD-protein | Mynvax | |||
| Recombinant S protein | Biomedicine and Genome Center Izmir | |||
| Novel adjuvant + Peptide | HIV, Malaria, Zika, NSCLC | University of Bogazici | ||
| 3M052 adjs./S subunit intranasal liposomal formulation with GLA | University of Virginia | |||
| Adjuvant, E coli-based Expression + S-Protein (Subunit) | Nigeria, Oyo State, Ogbomoso, Trinity Immonoefficient and Ogbomoso Laboratory, Helix Biogen Consult | |||
| S, N, M and S1 protein subunit | Egypt, National Research Centre | |||
| Protein Subunit | Argentina, San Martin and CONICET University | |||
| Adj. + RBD protein fused with Fc of IgG | Thailand, GPO/University of Chulalongkorn | |||
| Capsid-like Particle | AdaptVac (PREVENT - n CoV consortium) | |||
| VLPs Drosophila S2 insect cell expression system | ExpreS2ion | |||
| LNP formulated peptide antigens | IMV Inc | |||
| S Protein | USAMRIID/WRAIR | |||
| Adjuvant + Sprotein | Influenza | UMN Pharma/Shionogi/National Institute of Infectious Disease, Japan | ||
| Adjuvant + VLP-recombinant protein | BIKEN/University of Osaka/National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Japan | |||
| S1 subunit microneedle arrays | MERS | Pittsburgh University | ||
| Peptide | Vaxil Bio | |||
| Adjuvanted protein subunit (RBD) | Biological E Ltd | |||
| Peptide | Breast CA vaccine, HPV therapeutic vaccine, ZIKA, Ebola, Marburg, HIV, Influenza | Flow Pharma Inc | ||
| S protein | A.J. Vaccines | |||
| Ii-Key peptide | SARS-CoV, Influenza, HIV | EpiVax/Generex | ||
| S protein | H7N9 | Georgia University/EpiVax | ||
| EPV-CoV-19 protein subunit | EpiVax | |||
| gp-96 backbone | HIV, Malaria, Zika, NSCLC | Miami University/Heat Biologics | ||
| vaccine subunit | Koltsovo, Rospotrebnadzor, FBRI SRC VB VECTOR | |||
| RBD protein or S1 | SARS | Baylor College of Medicine | ||
| Plant produced protein subunit | CC-Pharming/iBio | |||
| Nanoparticles (based on S-protein and other epitopes), recombinant protein | Saint-Petersburg scientific reseacrh institute of vaccines | |||
| Truncated S (spike) proteins SARS-COV-2 XWG-03 | HPV | GSK/University of Xiamen/Innovax | ||
| Microsphere adjuvanted peptide | VIDO-Intervac, Saskatchewan University | |||
| S and M proteins synthetic Long Peptide Vaccine candidate | OncoGen | |||
| S and N proteins Oral E. coli-based protein expression system | MIGAL Galilee Research Institute | |||
| Nanoparticle vaccine | Lake Pharma, Inc. | |||
| (RBD-Fc + Adjuvant) plant-based vaccine | Chula Vaccine Research Center/BaiyaPhytopharm | |||
| vaccine based on OMV | Flu A, Plague | Quadram Institute Biosciences | ||
| vaccine based on OMV | Trento University/BiOMViSSrI | |||
| tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) structurally modified spherical particles | Rotavirus, Rubella | University of Lomonosov Moscow State | ||
| Spike-based | Hepatitis C | Alberta University | ||
| S1-Fc fusion recombinant protein | AnyGo Technology | |||
| Recombinant protein | Yisheng Biopharma | |||
| (Insect cell line baculovirus expression system) Recombinant S protein in IC-BEVS | Bristol University U.K. and Vietnam, Vabiotech | |||
| Heat stable, orally delivered subunit | Applied Biotechnology Institute, Inc. | |||
| Spike protein peptides | Axon Neuroscience S.E. | |||
| Protein Subunit | G.C. Pharma, MOGAM Institute for Biomedical Research | |||
| RBD-based | Tel Aviv University/Neovii | |||
| OMVsubunit | Epivax/Intravacc | |||
| (Epitope screening) Spike-based | LiteVax BV ImmunoPrecise | |||
| Spike-based | University of Ankara, Middle East Technical University, Nanografi Nano Technology | |||
| Adjuvant with a recombinant spike | Iran | |||
| BEVS produced recombinant S protein | University of Tampere | |||
| Nanoformulated protein subunit | INRAE, CEA, Vaxinano | |||
| Adenoviral Carrier protein subunit | CNRS, CEA | |||
| DC-targeted epitopes | VRI, LinkinVax | |||
| Bacterial vector replicating | Protein expression system of RBD based on Oral Salmonella enteritidis (3934Vac) | Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH)/FarmacológicosVeterinarios SAC (FARVET SAC) | ||
| Viral vector Replicating | YF17D Vector | K.U. Leuven | ||
| Measles Vector | Cadila Healthcare Limited | |||
| Measles Vector | Koltsovo, Rospotrebnadzor, FBRI SRC VB VECTOR | |||
| S, N targets measles virus | CHIKV, H7N9, Zika | CanVirex AG/DZIF - German Center for Infection Research | ||
| S protein expressing horsepox vector | Monkeypox, Smallpox | Southern Research/Tonix Pharma | ||
| (Intranasal) Atenuated influenza virus backbone LVVV | Influenza | IEM and BIOCAD | ||
| (Intranasal) Influenza A virus, recombinant vaccine | Influenza | Koltsovo, Rospotrebnadzor, FBRI SRC VB VECTOR | ||
| Expressing antigenic portion of the Spike protein attenuated influenza | Influenza | Fundação Oswaldo Cruz and Instituto Buntantan | ||
| RBD expressing influenza vector | Hong Kong University | |||
| SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) glycoprotein delivered by Replication-competent VSV chimeric virus technology (VSVΔG) | Lassa, Marburg, Ebola | Merck/IAVI | ||
| DC-targeting replicating VSV vector | Manitoba University | |||
| VSV-S | MERS, HIV | Western Ontario University | ||
| VSV-S | Aurobindo | |||
| VSV vector | FBRI SRC VB VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo | |||
| Influenza vector M2-deficient single replication (M2SR) | Influenza | Bharat Biotech/FluGen/UW-Madison | ||
| (NDV-SARS-CoV-2/Spike) Newcastle disease virus vector | Utrecht University/Intravacc/Wageningen Bio veterinary Research | |||
| (APMV) Avian paramyxovirus vector | SARS-CoV3 | University of Lancaster, UK | ||
| RBD expressing Intranasal Newcastle disease virus vector (rNDV-FARVET) | Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH)/FarmacológicosVeterinarios SAC (FARVET SAC) | |||
| Vaccine based on RNA | NLC saRNA formulated | SARS-CoV2 | Amyris, Inc. Infectious Disease Research Institute | |
| S encoding LNP-encapsulated Mrna | Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces | |||
| Self-amplifying RNA | Gennova | |||
| mRNA | Live, attenuated virus (LAV) | University of Selcuk | ||
| LNP-mRNA | Sanofi Pasteur/Translate Bio | |||
| LNP-mRNA | Precision Nanosystems/CanSino Biologics | |||
| Cocktail encoding VLP LNP-encapsulated Mrna | Live, attenuated bacterial vector (LABV) | RNA cure Biopharma/Shanghai Jiao Tong University/Fudan University | ||
| RBD encoding LNP-encapsulated mRNA | RNA cure Biopharma/Shanghai Jiao Tong University/Fudan University | |||
| SARS-CoV-2 derived replicating Defective RNAs | Centro Nacional Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Spain | |||
| mRNA encapsulated LNP | MERS | Daiichi-Sankyo/Tokyo University | ||
| mRNA encapsulated Liposome | BIOCAD | |||
| mRNA candidates | RNAimmune, Inc. | |||
| mRNA | Koltsovo, Rospotrebnadzor, FBRI SRC VB VECTOR | |||
| mRNA | Stermina/University of Tongji/China CDC | |||
| Intranasal delivery system mRNA | eTheRNA | |||
| mRNA | Greenlight Biosciences | |||
| mRNA | IDIBAPS-Hospital Clinic, Spain | |||
| mRNA | Providence Therapeutics | |||
| mRNA | Cell Tech Pharmed | |||
| mRNA | ReNAP Co | |||
| LNP-encapsulated mRNA D614G variant | Globe Biotech Ltd | |||
| Encapsulated mRNA | CEA | |||
| Protein subunit | SARS-CoV-2 S, M, N and NSPs targets to induce T cell responses (CD8) | OSE immunotherapeutics | ||
| sVirus like particle | VLP | Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems | ||
| Virus-like particle-based Dendritic Cell (D.C.)-targeting vaccine | Manitoba University | |||
| VLP | University of BezmialemVakif | |||
| VLP | Middle East Technical University | |||
| (eVLP) Enveloped Virus-Like Particle | SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, & MERS-CoV | CMV, GBM, Zika | VBI Vaccines Inc. | |
| HIV VLPs integrated by S protein | SARS-CoV2 | Grifols/Barcelona Supercomputing/IRTA--CReSA/IrsiCaixa AIDS Research | ||
| Adjuvant + VLP | GPO/Siriraj Hospital/University of Mahidol | |||
| Baculovirus vehicles, Virus-like particles and lentivirus | Malaria | Oncoimmunology group, Navarrabiomed | ||
| RBD displayed on virus-like particles | Saiba GmbH | |||
| Multiepitope display ADDomerTM | Bristol University’s Max Planck Centre and Imophoron Ltd | |||
| Unknown | Doherty Institute | |||
| VLP | SARS-CoV1, SARS-CoV2 | OSIVAX | ||
| eVLP | SARS-CoV2 | Malaria | ARTES BiotechnologARTESBiotechnolog | |
| Whole virus/VLPs peptides | Sao Paulo University | |||
| VLPs produced in BEVS | University of Tampere | |||
| VLP derived by plant | University of Shiraz |