Table 1.
Summary of baseline clinical characteristics.
| Characteristics | All patients | With biopsy | Routine treatment | Orlistat | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 209 | N = 102 | N = 59 | N = 48 | ||
| Male, n (%) | 139 (66.5) | 70 (68.6) | 39 (66.1) | 28 (58.3) | 0.54 |
| Age, years | 46.0 ± 13.6 | 46.1 ± 13.1 | 46.4 ± 14.5 | 45.1 ± 13.7 | 0.88 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.1 ± 3.7 | 29.0 ± 4.3 | 28.7 ± 2.9 | 29.5 ± 3.0 | 0.66 |
| Waist circumstance, cm | 96.0 ± 9.2 | 95.5 ± 10.2 | 94.9 ± 7.6 | 98.3 ± 8.7 | 0.15 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 131.3 ± 16.8 | 131.4 ± 17.1 | 131.2 ± 17.1 | 131.6 ± 16.2 | 0.99 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 86.0 ± 11.9 | 86.9 ± 12.6 | 83.9 ± 11.2 | 86.7 ± 11.3 | 0.29 |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/l | 58.9 ± 33.8 | 63.2 ± 37.2 | 51.9 ± 24.5 | 58.1 ± 34.5 | 0.14 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, U/l | 38.0 ± 24.8 | 41.7 ± 15.3 | 32.8 ± 13.3 | 35.8 ± 17.3 | 0.10 |
| γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, U/l | 55.7 ± 40.2 | 60.1 ± 42.8 | 50.1±.36.3 | 53.1 ± 36.9 | 0.31 |
| Alkaline phosphatase, U/l | 83.8 ± 34.4 | 88.8 ± 34.1 | 75.5 ± 18.9 | 83.3 ± 46.3 | 0.08 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.1 ± 1.0 | 5.2 ± 1.0 | 5.14 ± 0.95 | 5.0 ± 1.31 | 0.74 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/l | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 2.03 ± 0.66 | 1.87 ± 0.82 | 0.60 |
| HDL-C, mmol/l | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.22 | 1.2 ± 0.28 | 0.96 |
| LDL-C, mmol/l | 3.3 ± 0.8 | 3.4 ± 0.7 | 3.25 ± 0.7 | 3.13 ± 0.8 | 0.36 |
| Fasting blood glucose, mmol/l | 5.2 ± 1.3 | 5.1 ± 1.3 | 5.3 ± 1.2 | 5.4 ± 1.3 | 0.56 |
| Fasting insulin, μU/ml† | 10.8 (7.7–16.1) | 11.4 (7.6–19.8) | 10.3 (7.8–13.9) | 10.5 (7.5–13.6) | 0.25 |
| HOMA-IR† | 2.6 (1.8–3.7) | 2.7 (1.6–4.5) | 2.3 (1.8–3.1) | 2.8 (2.1–3.5) | 0.21 |
| Uric acid, μmol/l | 416.5 ± 112.9 | 429.8 ± 127.8 | 398.7 (99.3) | 414 ± 96.6 | 0.31 |
| MRI-PDFF, %† | 16.7 (11.0–25.4) | 17.8 (11.4–26.0) | 13.9 (10.2–20.6) | 16.3 (11.6–25.8) | 0.28 |
| CAP, dB/m† | 283 (251–310) | 287 (247–320) | 274 (264–289) | 274 (264–296) | 0.45 |
| LSM, kPa† | 7.1 (5.9–8.9) | 6.9 (5.6–8.9) | 8.3 (6.5–10.2) | 8.4 (5.8–9.7) | 0.16 |
| Histological characteristics | |||||
| Steatosis degree S0/S1/S2/S3, n (%) | – | 11 (10.8)/40 (39.2)/37 (36.3)/14 (13.7) | – | – | – |
| Lobular inflammation L0/L1/L2/L3, n (%) | – | 18 (17.6)/73 (71.6)/11 (10.8)/0 (0) | – | – | – |
| Ballooning B0/B1/B2, n (%) | – | 51 (50.0)/47 (46.1)/4 (3.9) | – | – | – |
| Fibrosis stage F0/F1/F2/F3/F4, n (%) | – | 53 (52.0)/43 (42.2)/5 (4.9)/1 (0.9) | – | – | – |
†
Continuous variables are expressed as median with IQR for non-Gaussian distribution.
BMI, body mass index; CAP, controlled attenuation parameter; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL-Cl, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LSM, liver stiffness measurement; MRI-PDFF, magnetic resonance imaging-based proton density fat fraction.