Table 5.
Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for COVID-19 death in cancer patients.
| Variable | Number of deaths (n = 72) | HRa | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Female | 19 | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Male | 53 | 1.97 | (1.15–3.38) |
| Age | |||
| ≤60 | 13 | 1.00 | Ref. |
| >60 | 59 | 2.14 | (1.15–3.98) |
| SES | |||
| Low | 60 | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Middle | 1 | 0.89 | (0.12–6.66) |
| High | 2 | 0.83 | (0.19–3.55) |
| Ethnicity | |||
| White | 40 | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Black | 19 | 1.21 | (0.69–2.12) |
| Asian | 8 | 3.42 | (1.59–7.35) |
| Other | 2 | 1.60 | (0.39–6.65) |
| Number of comorbidities | |||
| 0 | 14 | 1.00 | Ref. |
| 1 | 22 | 1.50 | (0.72–3.13) |
| 2 | 16 | 1.40 | (0.64–3.09) |
| 3+ | 20 | 1.05 | (0.48–2.31) |
| P for trend | 0.887 | ||
| Smoking history | |||
| Never | 29 | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Ever | 21 | 0.85 | (0.45–1.59) |
| Cancer type | |||
| Solid | 35 | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Haematological | 37 | 2.03 | (1.16–3.56) |
| Treatment paradigm | |||
| No active treatment | 16 | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Radical/curative | 19 | 1.13 | (0.50–2.52) |
| Palliative | 28 | 1.95 | (0.94–4.01) |
| Time since cancer diagnosis | |||
| <1 year | 16 | 1.00 | Ref. |
| 1–2 years | 9 | 1.84 | (0.79–4.30) |
| 2–5 years | 22 | 2.81 | (1.41–5.59) |
| ≥5 years | 20 | 2.13 | (1.06–4.27) |
| Performance status | |||
| 0–2 | 41 | 1.00 | Ref. |
| 3+ | 20 | 1.43 | (0.78–2.62) |
| Symptoms | |||
| Cough | 41 | 1.38 | (0.85–2.25) |
| Fever | 47 | 1.86 | (1.10–3.14) |
| Dyspnoea | 47 | 3.34 | (1.97–5.66) |
| GI symptoms | 13 | 1.13 | (0.60–2.12) |
| Time between first symptom and diagnosis | |||
| <7 days | 52 | 1.00 | Ref. |
| 7–14 days | 12 | 0.64 | (0.33–1.27) |
| >14 days | 5 | 0.55 | (0.22–1.37) |
| Ferritin | |||
| T1 (14–704) | 5 | 1.00 | Ref. |
| T2 (771–1962) | 7 | 2.91 | (0.62–13.74) |
| T3 (1964–10,327) | 18 | 16.11 | (3.81–68.17) |
| CRP (mg/L) | |||
| T1 (1–50) | 9 | 1.00 | Ref. |
| T2 (51–145) | 23 | 2.88 | (1.13–7.31) |
| T3 (146–528) | 39 | 4.10 | (1.66–10.10) |
| Lymphocytes (×109) | |||
| ≤0.5 | 30 | 1.00 | Ref. |
| 0.6–0.8 | 19 | 0.68 | (0.34–1.38) |
| 0.9–1.2 | 10 | 0.68 | (0.30–1.53) |
| >1.2 | 12 | 0.60 | (0.25–1.42) |
| Albumin (g/L) | |||
| T1 (15–29) | 38 | 1.00 | Ref. |
| T2 (30–37) | 25 | 0.70 | (0.39–1.24) |
| T3 (38–109) | 4 | 0.12 | (0.03–0.51) |
aAdjustment as defined by the DAG (Supplementary Table 1 in Appendix).