Table 2.
Meta-regression analyses.
| Year | Age | Males | Females (N) | ADTs+ | ADTs (N) | Age onset | Duration illness | Episode duration | Illness severity | Com+ | Double blind+ | Intention-to-treat analysis | BTX units males | BTX units (females) | Frown line severity (baseline) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All studies combined | ||||||||||||||||
| Coefficient | −0.01 | −0.02 | 0.032 | −0.0005 | −0.13 | −0.14 | −0.13 | −0.042 | −0.006 | 0.01 | 0.23 | −0.23 | 0.038 | −0.002 | −0.1 | −0.14 |
| Z-value | −0.06 | −0.18 | 0.22 | −0.03 | −0.01 | −0.16 | −0.19 | −0.33 | −0.02 | 0.05 | 0.16 | −0.16 | 0.04 | −0.1 | −2.04 | −0.91 |
| p-Value | 0.95 | 0.86 | 0.82 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.88 | 0.85 | 0.74 | 0.98 | 0.96 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.97 | 0.92 | 0.042* | 0.36 |
| Double-blind RCTs only | ||||||||||||||||
| Coefficient | −0.01 | −0.013 | 0.026 | 0.001 | −0.036 | −0.14 | −0.13 | −0.1 | −0.001 | 0.04 | NA | NA | 0.11 | −0.001 | −0.1 | −0.14 |
| Z-value | −0.07 | −0.07 | 0.15 | 0.04 | −0.03 | −0.16 | −0.19 | −0.33 | −0.02 | 0.14 | NA | NA | 0.09 | −0.03 | −2.04 | −0.91 |
| p-Value | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.88 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.88 | 0.85 | 0.74 | 0.98 | 0.89 | NA | NA | 0.92 | 0.98 | 0.042* | 0.36 |
| Double-blind RCTs, 20–40 IU dose range | ||||||||||||||||
| Coefficient | 0.26 | −0.22 | −0.07 | 0.04 | −1.94 | −1.26 | NA | −0.29 | −0.02 | 0.29 | NA | NA | 1.08 | −0.00 | 1.94 | −0.14 |
| Z-value | 2.82 | −1.85 | −0.49 | 3.54 | −6.66 | −2.68 | NA | −1.83 | −1.20 | 1.53 | NA | NA | 1.37 | −0.06 | 6.66 | −0.91 |
| p-Value | 0.005* | 0.064 | 0.62 | 0.000* | 0.000* | 0.007* | NA | 0.067 | 0.23 | 0.127 | NA | NA | 0.17 | 0.95 | <0.001* | 0.36 |
*
Meta-regressions which reached statistical significance.
ADT+: effect of co-administered antidepressants; ADTs (N): number of antidepressants administered; BTX: onabotulinumtoxinA; Com+: presence of co-morbidity; RCT: randomised controlled trial; NA: not available.