TABLE 1.
*A short note on the regulation of the small GTPases shown in this table and in Figure 1. These proteins cycle between inactive (GDP-bound) and active (GTP-bound) states, which can interact with effector proteins that relay downstream signaling. This cycle is regulated by specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which catalyze the release of the bound GDP that is replaced by GTP, and by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), which induce GTP hydrolysis.