TABLE 6.

Invariance analysis of E-learning effectiveness across experience.

Two groups	With E-learning experience. Without E-learning experience	χ2	df	TLI	CFI	RMSEA	Nested models	Δχ2	Δdf	Significance level
1	Unconstrained	1618.188	579	0.899	0.91	0.059
2	Factor Loading invariance	1657.67	598	0.9	0.908	0.059	2–1a	39.482	19	0.004
3	Factor Loading invariance and unique variance	1758.704	624	0.898	0.902	0.059	3–2	101.034	26	0.000
4	Factor Loading invariance and unique variance and factor variance	1782.282	634	0.898	0.901	0.059	4–3	23.578	10	0.009

2–1^a refers to Model 2 (factor loading invariance) being more restrictive or nested within Model 1 (Unconstrained).