Table 1.
Overview of the conventional tests used for virus or antibody detection in water buffaloes and small ruminants in Switzerland.
| Virus | Method | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Herpesviruses | Panherpesvirus nPCR | Ehlers et al.11 and VanDevanter et al.38 |
| OvHV2 | rtPCR | Hüssy et al.16 and Stahel et al.35 |
| CpHV2 | rtPCR | Cunha et al.8 |
| BoHV1 | rtPCR | Abril et al.1 |
| ELISA | IBR gB X3 (Idexx) | |
| BoHV5 | rtPCR | Abril et al.1 |
| BuHV1 | ELISA | Nogarol et al.28; Eradikit BuHV-1 (IN3 diagnostic) |
| CpHV1 | ELISA | Bertolotti et al.4; Eradikit CpHV1(IN3 diagnostic) |
| BoHV2 | ELISA | ID screen BHV2 indirect (IDvet) |
| VNT | World Organisation for Animal Health42 | |
| BVDV, BDV | Panpestivirus RT-PCR | Vilcek40 |
| ELISA | Canal et al.7 | |
| VNT | Kaiser et al.17 | |
| BLV | ELISA | Leukosis serum X2 test kit (Idexx) |
| BTV | ELISA | Bluetongue virus antibody test kit (VMRD) |
| SBV | ELISA | Svanovir SBV-Ab (Boehringer Ingelheim Svanova) |
| BuGyKV | rtPCR | In-house |
BDV = border disease virus; BLV = bovine leukemia virus; BoHV1 = bovine alphaherpesvirus 1; BoHV2 = bovine alphaherpesvirus 2; BoHV5 = bovine alphaherpesvirus 5; BTV = bluetongue virus; BuGyKV = bubaline-associated gemykrogvirus; BuHV1 = bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1; BVDV = bovine viral diarrhea virus; CpHV1 = caprine alphaherpesvirus 1; CpHV2 = caprine gammaherpesvirus 2; nPCR = nested PCR; OvHV2 = ovine gammaherpesvirus 2; rtPCR = real-time PCR; RT-PCR = reverse-transcription PCR; SBV = Schmallenberg virus; VNT = virus neutralization test.