Table 3.

Univariate analysis of individual stigma towards patients with COVID-19 and Wuhan residents

Variables	Patients with COVID-19 (N=5039)		P value	Wuhan residents (n=4628)*		P value
	Stigma	χ²		Stigma	χ²
Gender		3.742	0.053		12.25	<0.001
Male	61 (2.9)			66 (3.4)
Female	61 (2.1)			48 (1.8)
Age (years)		32.43	<0.001		4.053	0.399
≤20	9 (1.2)			11 (1.5)
21–30	34 (1.8)			43 (2.4)
31–40	17 (1.9)			20 (2.6)
41–50	36 (3.8)			26 (3.0)
≥51	26 (5.1)			14 (3.0)
Education level		9.216	0.010		2.606	0.272
Junior high school or less	27 (4.0)			21 (3.3)
Senior high school and junior college	59 (2.3)			59 (2.5)
College and above	36 (2.0)			34 (2.1)
Ethnicity		5.660	0.017		1.174	0.279
Han	93 (2.2)			90 (2.4)
Minorities	29 (3.6)			24 (3.0)
Urbanicity		0.060	0.807		0.129	0.720
Urban	59 (2.4)			51 (2.4)
Rural	63 (2.5)			63 (2.5)
Monthly household Income (US$)		5.875	0.209		0.481	0.975
<422	20 (2.4)			20 (2.4)
422–704	47 (3.2)			38 (2.7)
705–1407	27 (1.9)			31 (2.4)
1408–2815	17 (2.0)			17 (2.3)
>2815	11 (2.6)			8 (2.2)
Province by confirmed patients		4.169	0.244		2.374	0.498
Low case area	24 (1.7)			30 (2.2)
Low-medium case area	38 (2.7)			41 (3.0)
Medium case area	42 (2.5)			39 (2.3)
High case area	18 (3.0)			4 (1.9)
It is difficult for me to find correct and comprehensive information about COVID-19		19.21	<0.001		5.448	0.066
Disagree	24 (1.4)			30 (1.8)
Neutral	39 (2.3)			39 (2.5)
Agree	59 (3.7)			45 (3.1)
It is difficult for me to understand information I got about COVID-19		25.87	<0.001		16.17	<0.001
Disagree	43 (1.5)			46 (1.8)
Neutral	45 (3.1)			37 (2.8)
Agree	34 (4.5)			31 (4.4)

*Participants who lived in Wuhan were automatically exempted from stigma questions related to residents of Wuhan.