TABLE 1.
A brief overview of experimental conditions and key findings of studies on OC organoid cultures (Hill et al., 2018; Kopper et al., 2019; Maru et al., 2019b; Hoffmann et al., 2020; Maenhoudt et al., 2020; Nanki et al., 2020).
| Features | Hill et al., 2018 | Kopper et al., 2019 | Hoffmann et al., 2020 | Maru et al., 2019b | Maenhoudt et al., 2020 | Nanki et al., 2020 |
| ECM | Matrigel | BME | Matrigel | Matrigel | Matrigel | Matrigel |
| Culturing medium | Advanced DMEM/F12 | Advanced DMEM/F12 | Advanced DMEM/F12 | Advanced DMEM/F12 | Advanced DMEM/F12 | Advanced DMEM/F12 |
| Growth factors and other components of the medium | ||||||
| HEPES | 1:100 | 10 mM | 10 mM | 1:100 | 1:100 | 2 mM |
| Penicillin–Streptomycin | 1x | 1x | 1x | 1x | 1x | 200 U/ml |
| Primocin | (−) | 0.20% | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) |
| GlutaMAX | 1x | 1x | 1x | 1x | 1x | 1x |
| B27 | 1x | 1x | 1x | (-) | 1x | 1x |
| N2 | (−) | (−) | 1x | (−) | 1x | (−) |
| Nicotinamide | 10 mM | 10 mM | 1 mM | (−) | 5 mM | (−) |
| EGF | 50 ng/ml | 5 μg/ml | 10 ng/ml | 50 ng/ml | 50 ng/ml | (−) |
| FGF2 | 10 ng/ml | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) | 50 ng/ml |
| FGF10 | 10 ng/ml | 10 ng/ml | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) |
| HGF | (−) | (−) | (−) | (-) | 10 ng/ml | (−) |
| A83-01 | 500 nM | 0.5 μM | (−) | (−) | 0.25 μM | 500 nM |
| N-acetylcysteine | 1.25 mM | 1.25 mM | (−) | (−) | 1.25 mM | 1 Mm |
| Noggin | 100 ng/ml | 1% | (−) | 100 ng/ml | 100 ng/ml | 100 ng/ml |
| WNT3A | (−) | 20% | (−) | (−) | (−) | 20% |
| R-spondin1 | 100 ng/ml | 10% | (−) | 250 ng/ml | 50 ng/ml | 1 μg/ml |
| p38 inhibitor | 10 μM | (−) | 0.5 μM | (−) | 1 μM | (−) |
| 17-β Estradiol | (−) | 100 μM | (−) | (−) | 10 nM | (−) |
| Hydrocortisone | 250 mg/ml | 500 ng/ml | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) |
| Y-27632 | 10 mM | 5 μM | 9 μM | 10 μM | 10 μM | 10 μM |
| IGF1 | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) | 20 ng/ml | 100 ng/ml |
| BMP2 | (−) | (−) | 10 ng/ml | (−) | (−) | (−) |
| Heregulinβ-1 | (−) | 25 μg/ml | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) |
| Leu15-Gastrin I | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) | 10 nM |
| NRG1 | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) | 50 ng/ml | (−) |
| Organoid formation efficiency | 80–90% (solid tumor), 100% (ascitic/pleural fluid) | 65% | ∼30% efficiency | 83% | 56% | 80% (28/35) |
| Onset of organoids formation | 7–10 days | 1–2 weeks | NA | NA | 2–4 weeks | 1–3 weeks |
| Expansion | 6–30 passages | 15–30 passages | >1 year | >2 passages | NA | NA |
| Purpose | Predict DNA repair inhibitor response in OC organoids | Develop OC organoids to capture intra- and interpatient heterogeneity | Develop OC organoids in low-Wnt environment for long-term growth | Modified Matrigel bilayer organoid culture (MBOC) as an effective preclinical model | OC organoids as powerful tools for drug screening; identify NRG1 as a key factor of OC organoids | OC organoids capture genomic profiles; applied for drug sensitivity and resistance testing |
BME, basement membrane extract; DMEM/F12, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium/nutrient mixture F12; HEPES, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazine-ethane-sulfonic acid; FGF2, fibroblast growth factor-2; FGF10, fibroblast growth factor-10; BMP2, bone morphogenetic protein 2.