Table 3.
Regression Results for Regression Coefficients Not Associated With Prior Exposuresa
| Coefficient | Hospital-Onset CDI (Secondary Diagnosis and >3 Day LOS) | CDI as a Secondary Diagnosis | CDI as Any Diagnosis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | |
| Age, y | ||||||
| 18–26 | (reference) | (reference) | (reference) | |||
| 27–44 | 0.99 | (.94–1.04) | 0.97 | (.93–1.01) | 0.98 | (.95–1.01) |
| 45–64 | 1.64 | (1.57–1.72) | 2.01 | (1.94–2.09) | 1.99 | (1.93–2.05) |
| ≥65 | 1.8 | (1.72–1.88) | 2.68 | (2.57–2.79) | 2.68 | (2.6–2.77) |
| Female sex | 1.02 | (1–1.04) | 1 | (.98–1.01) | 1.1 | (1.09–1.12) |
| Length of stay | 1.02 | (1.02–1.02) | 1.03 | (1.03–1.03) | 1.03 | (1.02–1.03) |
| Year | ||||||
| 2001 | (reference) | (reference) | (reference) | |||
| 2002 | 1.43 | (1.21–1.68) | 1.4 | (1.21–1.64) | 1.44 | (1.29–1.62) |
| 2003 | 1.7 | (1.46–1.98) | 1.68 | (1.45–1.94) | 1.51 | (1.36–1.68) |
| 2004 | 2.42 | (2.09–2.8) | 2.37 | (2.06–2.72) | 1.99 | (1.8–2.22) |
| 2005 | 2.89 | (2.49–3.34) | 2.84 | (2.48–3.27) | 2.39 | (2.15–2.65) |
| 2006 | 2.08 | (1.79–2.41) | 2.17 | (1.88–2.49) | 2.28 | (2.06–2.54) |
| 2007 | 2.75 | (2.37–3.18) | 2.81 | (2.45–3.23) | 2.71 | (2.45–3.01) |
| 2008 | 3.3 | (2.85–3.81) | 3.15 | (2.74–3.61) | 2.98 | (2.69–3.3) |
| 2009 | 3.22 | (2.79–3.72) | 3.08 | (2.69–3.53) | 2.79 | (2.52–3.09) |
| 2010 | 3.27 | (2.83–3.78) | 3.13 | (2.73–3.59) | 2.9 | (2.62–3.21) |
| 2011 | 3.77 | (3.27–4.35) | 3.6 | (3.14–4.12) | 3.21 | (2.9–3.56) |
| 2012 | 3.97 | (3.44–4.58) | 3.87 | (3.38–4.44) | 3.4 | (3.07–3.77) |
| 2013 | 4.01 | (3.47–4.64) | 4.07 | (3.55–4.66) | 3.51 | (3.17–3.89) |
| 2014 | 4.28 | (3.71–4.95) | 4.29 | (3.75–4.92) | 3.56 | (3.21–3.94) |
| 2015 | 4.15 | (3.59–4.8) | 4.25 | (3.71–4.88) | 3.46 | (3.12–3.84) |
| 2016 | 4.04 | (3.49–4.67) | 4.08 | (3.56–4.68) | 3.23 | (2.91–3.58) |
| 2017 | 3.34 | (2.89–3.87) | 3.37 | (2.93–3.87) | 2.76 | (2.49–3.06) |
| Month | ||||||
| January | (reference) | (reference) | (reference) | |||
| February | 1 | (.97–1.04) | 1 | (.96–1.03) | 0.99 | (.96–1.02) |
| March | 1 | (.97–1.04) | 0.99 | (.96–1.03) | 1.01 | (.99–1.04) |
| April | 0.99 | (.95–1.03) | 0.98 | (.95–1.02) | 1.01 | (.98–1.04) |
| May | 0.98 | (.95–1.02) | 0.97 | (.94–1.01) | 1 | (.97–1.03) |
| June | 0.98 | (.95–1.02) | 0.95 | (.91–.98) | 0.98 | (.95–1.01) |
| July | 0.95 | (.92–.99) | 0.9 | (.87–.93) | 0.92 | (.9–.95) |
| August | 0.97 | (.93–1.01) | 0.92 | (.89–.95) | 0.94 | (.91–.96) |
| September | 0.97 | (.93–1) | 0.93 | (.9–.96) | 0.96 | (.93–.98) |
| October | 0.98 | (.94–1.01) | 0.95 | (.92–.98) | 0.96 | (.93–.98) |
| November | 0.99 | (.95–1.02) | 0.96 | (.93–.99) | 0.96 | (.93–.99) |
| December | 1 | (.97–1.04) | 0.96 | (.93–.99) | 0.96 | (.93–.98) |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| CHF | 1.05 | (1.03–1.08) | 1.17 | (1.15–1.2) | 0.97 | (.95–.98) |
| Valvular | 0.76 | (.74–.79) | 0.87 | (.84–.89) | 0.75 | (.74–.77) |
| PHTN | 0.91 | (.88–.95) | 1.03 | (.99–1.07) | 0.84 | (.81–.87) |
| PVD | 1.14 | (1.11–1.18) | 1.31 | (1.27–1.35) | 1.21 | (1.18–1.25) |
| HTN | 0.75 | (.73–.76) | 0.73 | (.72–.74) | 0.76 | (.75–.77) |
| Paralysis | 1.25 | (1.2–1.29) | 1.38 | (1.33–1.43) | 1.15 | (1.11–1.19) |
| Neuro (other) | 0.99 | (.96–1.01) | 1.05 | (1.02–1.07) | 0.88 | (.86–.9) |
| Pulmonary | 0.92 | (.9–.94) | 0.96 | (.94–.98) | 0.86 | (.84–.87) |
| DM | 0.93 | (.91–.96) | 0.94 | (.92–.96) | 0.87 | (.85–.89) |
| DMcx | 1.11 | (1.07–1.14) | 1.19 | (1.15–1.23) | 0.99 | (.96–1.02) |
| Hypothyroid | 0.86 | (.84–.9) | 0.85 | (.82–.88) | 0.92 | (.9–.94) |
| Renal | 1.58 | (1.54–1.62) | 1.7 | (1.66–1.74) | 1.59 | (1.55–1.62) |
| Liver | 1.34 | (1.29–1.4) | 1.53 | (1.47–1.58) | 1.56 | (1.52–1.61) |
| PUD | 0.97 | (.84–1.13) | 1.14 | (.99–1.32) | 0.96 | (.85–1.08) |
| HIV | 1.42 | (1.28–1.57) | 1.67 | (1.51–1.84) | 1.37 | (1.26–1.5) |
| Lymphoma | 1.84 | (1.77–1.91) | 2.03 | (1.95–2.11) | 1.62 | (1.56–1.67) |
| Mets | 0.84 | (.81–.87) | 0.99 | (.96–1.02) | 0.77 | (.75–.79) |
| Tumor | 1 | (.97–1.03) | 1.09 | (1.06–1.12) | 0.9 | (.88–.92) |
| Rheumatic | 1.09 | (1.03–1.15) | 1.2 | (1.14–1.26) | 1.22 | (1.17–1.27) |
| Coagulopathy | 1.34 | (1.3–1.38) | 1.49 | (1.44–1.53) | 1.2 | (1.17–1.23) |
| Obesity | 0.8 | (.77–.83) | 0.78 | (.76–.81) | 0.68 | (.67–.7) |
| Weight loss | 2.22 | (2.17–2.27) | 2.42 | (2.36–2.47) | 2.14 | (2.1–2.19) |
| FluidsLytes | 2.17 | (2.14–2.21) | 2.78 | (2.74–2.82) | 3.81 | (3.76–3.85) |
| Blood loss | 0.87 | (.81–.92) | 0.89 | (.84–.94) | 0.76 | (.72–.8) |
| Anemia | 1.06 | (1.04–1.09) | 1.15 | (1.13–1.18) | 1.14 | (1.12–1.16) |
| Alcohol | 0.84 | (.8–.88) | 0.97 | (.93–1.02) | 0.77 | (.74–.8) |
| Drugs | 0.47 | (.44–.51) | 0.64 | (.6–.69) | 0.63 | (.59–.67) |
| Psychoses | 0.58 | (.56–.61) | 0.73 | (.7–.76) | 0.65 | (.63–.68) |
| Depression | 0.79 | (.76–.82) | 0.85 | (.82–.88) | 0.99 | (.96–1.01) |
Abbreviations: CDI, Clostridioides difficile infection; CHF, congestive heart failure; CI, confidence interval; DM, diabetes mellitus; DMcx, diabetes mellitus with complications; FluidsLytes, Fluid and Electrolyte disorders; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HTN, Hypertension; OR, odds ratio; PHTN, Pulmonary Hypertension / Pulmonary Circulation Disorders; PUD, Peptic Ulcer Disease; PVD, Peripheral Vascular Disorders.
aThese models correspond to results presented in red, green, and blue, respectively, in Figure 3. Similar results corresponding to all hospitalizations (ie, not restricted to 1 hospitalization per enrollee) can be found in Supplementary Table 3 and Supplementary Figure 1.