TABLE 1.

Health research quality and standardization (HRQS). Capacity of research quality and knowledge transfer and translation in Palestine: a call for sound decision-making, Palestine, Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2021.

HR quality and standardization (HRQS)
Theme sector	Theme 1: The status of HRQS	Theme 2: Limiting the HRQS	Theme 2: Enhancing the HRQS
Gov	- It is standardized and research actors are qualified	- Unsupportive environment and culture, poor capacity building programmes, weakness of school curriculum, the absence of clear policies and agreed priorities—our abilities, experiences and will are very limited—inadequate funding—lack of experts in research—shortage of data that observe the national productivity of research—HR time, effort and cost—lack of specialized national research centre	- Addressing carefully these gaps—need more budgets, good research management, coordination among all stakeholders—capacities and experiences need to be empowered - encourage academic exchange programmes with others—self-development, sufficient resources, and political support—formulate laws and effective policies will increase our research quality- education programmes in scientific research
	- Most of research meets the international HRQS
	- We have a quality education system
	- Research is of high quality, standardized, and meets HRQS
	- Some research meets the international standardization when it gets published in high impact factor
	- Research relies on international standardization endorsed by WHO, but we cannot say that it is efficient and standardized
	- We attempt to meet the HRQS
	- Barely meets the HRQS criteria, some researchers do high-quality research. We have a lot of research published internationally
	- At the publishing stage yes where international journals have rigorous guidelines
	- HRQS on an average level and only for promotions
	- In fact, I don’t know and it is hard to judge
	- No, every university has different ways of research
Acad	- Yes, academia has high quality and reaches international guidelines	- Noncompliance with the international research guidelines—brain drain and time constraint—research performed for personal purposes—lack of resources and infrastructure—research plagiarism and researchers bias—weak researchers competencies and skills in different research expertise—gaps in research design, methods, analysis, data quality, and interpretation—lack of international experiences—lack of fund and official sponsorship—lack of good journal accessibility—lack of experimental research—lack of centres of excellence—lack of HRQS monitoring—a gap in the schools’ curriculum	- A good investment in research productivity—allocate appropriate financial support and resources—overcome plagiarism and promote research objectivity—research should be focusing on priorities—systematic capacity building programmes to develop research leaders’, experts’, and postgraduates’ skills in research critical thinking, design, writing and publication—pay attention to the international orientation to exchange knowledge and expertise—effective research policies addressing HRQS
	- Not a lot but some research performed with good quality
	- We often publish properly
	- There are some good research with high quality, generally, research has a moderate quality and high quality often done by foreign co-authors
	- Relatively, we have researchers produce research with good quality
	- Research quality is variable, some are good and some bad
	- Majority research has poor quality with a huge gap with the international guidelines
	- Our research quality is not good enough despite many good publications
	- Quality is low and not comparable with international standardization
	- No clear national policy includes guidelines
	- No, research production is very low quality and quantity, does not meet HRQS
NGOs	- Research is conducted in good quality but still weak against international standard	- Research is unsystematic and lack of strategic research policies or unified body—shortage of resources and facilities—low researchers qualities and skills—inattention and unwillingness to research—quality data but disorganized, unanalyzed and not used in practice—discontinuity of the research process—lack of orientation and linkage with the international research—lack of local high-impact journals—a weakness of institutional research review—duplication in research activities—a gap in the education curriculum of the health professions—research performs for individual not society goals	- More exposure to the international research experiences—investment in the lancet palestinian Health alliance to expand our research capacity and expertise—research teams are essential—research should meet the local needs—An annual national forum for research—Dynamic research monitoring and evaluation system in Palestine—unifying the research concepts, methods, priorities, practices, uses and guidelines.—Promote the use of communication and technology—capacity building programmes in research concepts, methods, and good practices
	- It is satisfying, high quality, and based on scientific methods
	- Research quality is improving and has a long way to go
	- Some quality exists but researchers striving to get high quality
	- It is varying but research quality is a real problem and still perceived weak
	- Research is not of high quality yet and does not meet international guidelines
	- Poor quality, it needs more improvement
	- An immense number of research with a lack of quality
	- We still have not reached the required research quality
	- Never, but some individual attempts having reached the quality exist