Table 2.

Overview of Included Studies^a

Study ID	Study Design	Origin	Description of Participants	Grouping	Type of Intervention	Type of Tooth Movement	Conflicts of Interest
Mehr (2013)17	RCT	United States	n =13; F:8; M:5; mean age: 28.72 y	E:M:2; F:5; age: 29.12 ± 12.15 y C:M:3; F:3;age: 26.35 ± 7.73 y	E: piezoelectric corticotomy + OTM C: OTM	Complete alignment of mandibular anterior teeth (3-3)	Unclear
Aksakalli et al. (2016)14	CCT	Turkey	n = 10; F: 6; M: 4; age: 16.3 ± 2.4 y	Split-mouth design, randomly selecting experimental side	E: piezoelectric corticotomy + OTM C: OTM	Distalization of maxillary canine	Unclear
Abbas et al. (2016)15	CCT	Egypt	n = 20; age: 15–25 y	Group1: n = 10; Group 2: n = 10 Split-mouth design, randomly selecting side for surgery	Group 1: one side conventional corticotomy + OTM, the contralateral side OTM Group 2: one side piezoelectric corticotomy + OTM, the contralateral side OTM	Distalization of maxillary canine	None declared
Charavet et al. (2016)16	RCT	Belgium	n = 24; F: 15; M: 9; age: 30 ± 8 y	E: n = 12; age: 27 y, 21–32 y C: n = 12; age: 35 y, 26–39 y	E: piezoelectric corticotomy + OTM C: OTM	Entire orthodontic treatment	None declared

^aE indicates piezocision group/side; C, control group/side; OTM, orthodontic tooth movement.