Table 1.
Patient Demographics and Clinical Characteristics
| Variablea | Long COVID n=310 | <4 Weeks COVID-19 n=2841 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | Mean (SD) | 52.1 (12.2) | 51.4 (39.5) |
| Median (IQR) | 53 (44–60) | 52 (40–61) | |
| 18 – <40 | 52 (16.8%) | 662 (23.3%) | |
| ≥40 | 258 (83.2%) | 2179 (76.7%) | |
| Sex | Female | 224 (72.3%) | 1825 (64.2%) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | <18.5 | 3 (1%) | 33 (1.2%) |
| 18.5–24.9 | 63 (21.4%) | 679 (25.7%) | |
| 25–29.9 | 92 (31.3%) | 837 (31.7%) | |
| 30–39.9 | 102 (34.7%) | 874 (33.1%) | |
| ≥40 | 34 (11.6%) | 219 (8.3%) | |
| Smoking status | Current smokers | 38 (12.5%) | 340 (12.2%) |
| Ex-smokers | 132 (43.3%) | 1129 (40.6%) | |
| Never smoked | 135 (44.3%) | 1310 (47.1%) | |
| Ethnicity | White | 278 (96.2%) | 2162 (91.8%) |
| Non-White | 11 (3.8%) | 194 (8.2%) | |
| Frailty | No reported | 289 (93.2%) | 2761 (97.2%) |
| Reported Frailty | 21 (6.8%) | 80 (2.8%) | |
| Hospital visits for COVID-19 symptoms or infection | Any | 51 (16.5%) | 101 (3.6%) |
| Visited A&E | 33 (10.6%) | 63 (2.2%) | |
| Admitted to hospital | 28 (9.0%) | 54 (1.9%) | |
| Admitted to intensive Care | 5 (1.6%) | 13 (0.5%) | |
| Co-morbid diseases | CKD | 11 (3.5%) | 93 (3.3%) |
| Hypertension | 60 (19.4%) | 461 (16.2%) | |
| Heart failure | 5 (1.6%) | 22 (0.8%) | |
| Other heart diseases | 26 (8.4%) | 137 (4.8%) | |
| Lung Cancer | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| COPD, bronchitis or emphysema | 23 (7.4%) | 71 (2.5%) | |
| Asthma (ever) | 72 (23.2%) | 566 (19.9%) | |
| Active Asthma | 53 (17.1%) | 475 (16.7%) | |
| Diabetes | 78 (25.2%) | 588 (20.7%) | |
| Depression or anxietyb | 84 (27.1%) | 559 (19.7%) | |
Notes: Patients were considered to have COVID-19 if they were self-diagnosed, clinician-diagnosed, or test-confirmed for COVID-19. Patients presented with long COVID also have symptoms lasting at least 4 weeks. aNumbers are presented as n (%) of valid responses unless specified. bPrior to January 2020.
Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.