Table 2.
Prevalence of Nontyphoidal Salmonella at GEMS Sites Among Children With Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea (Cases) and Controls
| Basse, The Gambia | Bamako, Mali | Manhica, Mozambique | Nyanza Province, Kenya | Kolkata, India | Mirzapur, Bangladesh | Karachi (Bin Qasim Town), Pakistan | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence of NTS | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls |
| 0–11 Months | ||||||||||||||
| No. of participants | 400 | 585 | 727 | 727 | 374 | 697 | 673 | 673 | 672 | 685 | 550 | 878 | 633 | 633 |
| No. of NTS (%) | 5 (1.3) | 12 (2.1) | 0 | 0 | 4 (0.8) | 1 (0.1) | 34 (5.1) | 29 (4.3) | 1 (0.1) | 10 (1.5) | 27 (4.9) | 14 (1.6) | 15 (2.4) | 24 (3.8) |
| Typhimurium | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 (3.3) | 9 (1.3) | 0 | 2 (0.6) | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) |
| Enteritidis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.3) | 0 | 2 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Paratyphi B Java | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.5) | 11 (2.0) | 8 (0.9) | 1 (0.2) | 0 |
| Serogroup O:4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.1) | 2 (0.3) | 5 (0.7) | 0 | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 2 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) |
| Serogroup O:6,7 | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (0.4) | 3 (0.4) | 0 | 0 | 9 (1.6) | 4 (0.5) | 4 (0.6) | 4 (0.6) |
| Serogroup O:8 | 0 | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.3) | 0 | 2 (0.3) | 4 (0.6) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.5) | 5 (0.9) | 1 (0.1) | 7 (1.1) | 13 (2.1) |
| Other serovars | 4 (1.0) | 9 (1.5) | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.5) | 0 | 3 (0.4) | 6 (0.9) | 0 | 5 (0.7) | 0 | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 4 (0.6) |
| 12–23 Months | ||||||||||||||
| No. of participants | 455 | 639 | 682 | 695 | 195 | 391 | 410 | 621 | 588 | 598 | 476 | 761 | 399 | 676 |
| No. of NTS (%) | 6 (1.3) | 8 (1.3) | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 1 (0.5) | 0 | 24 (5.9) | 21 (3.4) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.3) | 7 (1.5) | 9 (1.2) | 14 (3.5) | 19 (2.8) |
| Typhimurium | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 (3.7) | 6 (1.0) | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.4) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.3) | 3 (0.4) |
| Enteritidis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (1.0) | 2 (0.3) | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.4) | 0 | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) |
| Paratyphi B Java | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (0.6) | 2 (0.3) | 0 | 0 |
| Serogroup O:4 | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 1 (0.5) | 0 | 1 (0.2) | 3 (0.5) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.1) | 2 (0.5) | 2 (0.3) |
| Serogroup O:6,7 | 2 (0.4) | 4 (0.6) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 4 (0.6) |
| Serogroup O:8 | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (0.7) | 4 (0.6) | 0 | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 4 (0.5) | 4 (1.0) | 7 (1.0) |
| Other serovars | 2 (0.4) | 3 (0.5) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.2) | 4 (0.6) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 (1.5) | 2 (0.3) |
| 24–59 Months | ||||||||||||||
| No. of participants | 174 | 345 | 624 | 642 | 112 | 208 | 393 | 589 | 308 | 731 | 368 | 826 | 226 | 529 |
| No. of NTS (%) | 4 (2.3) | 0 | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 (5.1) | 11 (1.9) | 1 (1.0) | 2 (0.3) | 7 (2.2) | 6 (0.7) | 10 (5.8) | 10 (2.3) |
| Typhimurium | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 (4.3) | 5 (0.8) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.2) |
| Enteritidis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Paratyphi B Java | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.5) | 2 (0.2) | 0 | 0 |
| Serogroup O:4 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.4) | 3 (0.6) |
| Serogroup O:6,7 | 3 (1.7) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.3) | 0 | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) | 2 (0.5) | 2 (0.2) | 2 (0.9) | 1 (0.2) |
| Serogroup O:8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (1.3) | 1 (0.2) |
| Other serovars | 1 (0.6) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (0.5) | 0 (0.6) | 0 | 2 (0.8) | 2 (0.2) | 4 (3.1) | 4 (1.1) |
| Total participants (all ages) | 1029 | 1569 | 2033 | 2064 | 681 | 1296 | 1476 | 1883 | 1568 | 2014 | 1394 | 2465 | 1258 | 1838 |
| Total no. of NTS (all ages) (%) | 15 (1.5) | 20 (1.3) | 2 (0.1) | 0 | 5 (0.9) | 1 (0.1) | 78 (5.3) | 61 (3.2) | 3 (0.2) | 14 (0.7) | 41 (2.9) | 29 (1.2) | 39 (3.1) | 53 (2.9) |
Abbreviations: GEMS, Global Enteric Multicenter Study; NTS, nontyphoidal Salmonella.