Table 3.

HIV Positivity Among Tested: by Distribution Strategy, Region, Study Design and Population Subgroup

Region	Strategy 1	Strategy 2	Design	Population Type	Pooled Risk Ratio	Studies
Sub-Saharan Africa	Partner -community- HIVST	HCW-facility-TT	RCT	Male partners of ANC	.58 (.18–1.87)	Choko 2019b, Masters 2016, Choko 2019a
				Partners of HIV positive	1.42 (.74–2.71)	Choko 2019b, Dovel 2019
	HCW-facility - HIVST	HCW-facility-TT	RCT	FSW	.79 (.58–1.08)	Chanda 2017, Ortblad 2017, Kelvin 2019b
				Truck drivers	1.02 (.05–20.7)	Kelvin 2018, Kelvin 2019a
				General population	.70 (.20–2.45)	Dovel 2018
			Cohort	General population	1.50 (1.14–1.97)	Pai 2018
	Peer -community- HIVST	HCW-facility-TT	RCT	FSW	.92 (.72–1.18)	Chanda 2017, Ortblad 2017
			Cohort	MSM and TGW	2.47 (1.46–4.18)	Van Der Elst 2017
	Peer - HIVST	HCW-facility-HIVST	RCT	FSW	.78 (.48–1.28)	Chanda 2017, Ortblad 2017
	HCW community - HIVST	HCW-facility-TT	Cohort	Youth	.33 (.12–.88)	Nichols 2019
	HCW-community - HIVST	HCW-community-TT	RCT	General population	.94 (.78–1.14)	Mulubwa 2019
North America, Asia, Pacific	HCW-facility - HIVST	HCW-facility-TT	RCT	MSM and TGW	2.00 (.44–9.11)	Jamil 2017, Katz 2018
	Peer -community- HIVST	HCW-facility-TT	Cohort	MSM and TGW	2.15 (.71–6.56)	Lightfoot 2018, Nguyen 2019*
	Online and mail – HIVST	HCW community-TT	Cohort	MSM and TGW	2.86 (1.23–6.65)	Rich 2018, Phanuphak 2018
	Online and mail - HIVST	HCW-facility-TT	RCT	MSM and TGW	1.36 (.71–2.63)	Wray 2018, Merchant 2018, MacGowan 2019, Wang 2017
			Cohort	MSM and TGW	1.44 (.77–2.69)	Qin 2017
	Vending - HIVST	HCW-community-TT	Cohort	FSW clients	1.19 (.51–2.79)	Stafylis 2018

Abbreviations: ANC, antenatal client; FSW, female sex workers; HCW, healthcare worker; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HIVST, oral HIV self-test; MSM, men who have sex with men; RCT, randomized controlled trial; TT, traditional HIV test (finger-prick rapid test performed by HCW).

*55% were MSM, remaining population included PWID (39%) and others (6%).