Table 4.
Linkage to ART or Any Care Among HIV Positive by Distribution Strategy, Region, Study Design and Population Subgroup
| Region | Strategy 1 | Strategy 2 | Design | Population Type | Pooled Risk Ratio | Studies |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sub-Saharan Africa | Partner-community-HIVST | HCW-facility-TT | RCT | Male partners of ANC clients | .95 (.56–1.59) | Choko 2019b, Masters 2016, Choko 2019a |
| Partners of HIV positive | .62 (.19–1.99) | Choko 2019b, Dovel 2019 | ||||
| HCW-facility-HIVST | HCW-facility-TT | RCT | FSW | .83 (.66–1.06) | Chanda 2017, Ortblad 2017, Kelvin 2019b | |
| General population | .84 (.55–1.30) | Dovel 2018 | ||||
| Peer-community-HIVST | HCW-facility-TT | RCT | FSW | .83 (.63–1.09) | Chanda 2017, Ortblad 2017 | |
| Cohort | MSM and TGW | .99 (.78–1.27) | Van Der Elst 2017 | |||
| Peer-community-HIVST | HCW-facility-HIVST | RCT | FSW | 1.05 (.73–1.49) | Chanda 2017, Ortblad 2017 | |
| HCW-community-HIVST | HCW-facility-TT | RCT | General population | .96 (.76–1.21) | Tsamwa 2018 | |
| North America, Asia, Pacific | HCW-facility-HIVST | HCW-facility-TT | RCT | MSM and TGW | 1.10 (.60–2.00) | Jamil 2017, Katz 2018 |
| Online and mail-HIVST | HCW-community-TT | Cohort | MSM and TGW | .87 (.54–1.38) | Rich 2018 | |
| Online and mail-HIVST | HCW-facility-TT | RCT | MSM and TGW | .72 (.51–1.01) | MacGowan 2019, Wang 2017 | |
| Vending-HIVST | HCW-community-TT | Cohort | FSW clients | .65 (.41–1.03) | Stafylis 2018 |
Abbreviations: ANC, antenatal client; ART, antiretroviral therapy; FSW, female sex workers; HCW, healthcare worker; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HIVST, oral HIV self-test; MSM, men who have sex with men; RCT, randomized controlled trial; TGW, transgender women; TT, traditional HIV test (finger-prick rapid test performed by HCW).