FIGURE 4.

Framework showing the biological pathways of D. magna influenced by low‐quality diet. Incoming food from environment is ingested, digested, and assimilated into two nutrient reserves (N and P) which will support the performance (maintenance, growth, and reproduction) of D. magna. Five significantly enriched KEGG pathways are illustrated to explain the changes in the performance of D. magna under nutrient constrains, with names of pathways in black solid lines. DEGs (some representatives) within these pathways were in green boxes. Detailed information of these DEGs is shown in Table A5. ER: endoplasmic reticulum; OST: oligosaccharyltransferase complex; SAM: S‐adenosylmethionine; SAH: S‐adenosylhomocysteine; SSB: single‐stranded DNA‐binding proteins; RPA: replication protein A; and Pol α (or ε): DNA polymerase α (or ε). G1, S, G2, and M are the four stages of cell cycle