Table 1.

Comparison of conventional cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) tissue characterization and cardiac MR Fingerprinting (cMRF).

Technique considerations	Conventional CMR Tissue Characterization	Cardiac MR Fingerprinting (cMRF)
Physiology	ECG-gated, breath-held	ECG-gated, breath-held
Gradient trajectory	Cartesian acquisition	Non-Cartesian (Spiral, Radial, Rosette) or Cartesian
Kspace sampling per image frame	Fully-sampled or mildly undersampled	Highly undersampled
Number of image frames	Up to 15 (e.g. 1 per heartbeat)	Hundreds (e.g. 48 per heartbeat)
Tissue properties mapped	One per acquisition (e.g. T1 or T2)	Multiple per acquisition (e.g. T1, T2, and M0)
Magnetization preparation	Inversion pulse or T2preparation pulse	Inversion pulse and T2−preparation pulse
Signal model	Exponential decay or recovery	Bloch equation magnetization vector
Quantification method	Curve fitting	Pattern matching to dictionary