Table 1.
Demographics and Clinical Data for the Control, MICT and HIIT Participants Undergoing Brain MRI at Baseline
| Control (N=48) | MICT (N=24) | HIIT (N=33) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Womena (%) | 52.1 | 54.2 | 42.4 | 0.61 |
| Living with othersa (%Yes) | 68.8 | 70.8 | 71.9 | 0.95 |
| Educationb %Primary school | 8.3 | 12.5 | 6.2 | 0.50 |
| %High school | 33.3 | 20.8 | 21.9 | |
| %University | 58.3 | 66.7 | 71.9 | |
| Smokinga (%No) | 89.6 | 95.7 | 90.6 | 0.69 |
| Agec (years) | 72.0 (1.8) | 71.8 (1.7) | 72.3 (2.1) | 0.54 |
| Heightc (cm) | 169.0 (9.7) | 171.6 (7.5) | 170.8 (8.7) | 0.44 |
| Weightc (kg) | 74.1 (13.2) | 75.7 (9.9) | 76.5 (13.6) | 0.70 |
| Fatc (%) | 30.3 (8.0) | 29.5 (7.8) | 28.2 (7.1) | 0.49 |
| Muscle massc (%) | 38.1 (4.8) | 38.6 (4.5) | 39.2 (4.1) | 0.56 |
| BMIc (kg/m2) | 25.9 (3.3) | 25.9 (3.4) | 26.1 (3.3) | 0.96 |
| Visceral fatc (cm2) | 113.3 (32.1) | 111.2 (32.8) | 112.2 (31.1) | 0.96 |
| Waist circumferencec (cm) | 93.3 (11.0) | 93.5 (9.2) | 94.4 (11.3) | 0.90 |
| SBP rightc (mmHg) | 135.4 (17.5) | 132.3 (14.0) | 133.0 (18.8) | 0.72 |
| DBP rightc (mmHg) | 74.2 (8.2) | 77.4 (8.7) | 75.6 (8.7) | 0.33 |
| RHRc (beats/min) | 63.4 (9.0) | 65.0 (8.9) | 62.9 (10.4) | 0.71 |
| hsCRPb (mg/L) | 1.5 (1.1) | 2.1 (3.8) | 3.0 (5.0) | 0.43 |
| HbA1cb (%) | 5.6 (0.3) | 5.6 (0.3) | 5.6 (0.5) | 0.71 |
| Glucosec (mmol/L) | 5.6 (0.6) | 5.4 (0.7) | 5.6 (0.8) | 0.12 |
| HDLc (mmol/L) | 1.9 (0.6) | 1.8 (0.5) | 1.9 (0.7) | 0.85 |
| LDLc (mmol/L) | 3.6 (1.0) | 3.2 (0.7) | 3.3 (1.0) | 0.15 |
| TCc (mmol/L) | 5.9 (1.1) | 5.5 (0.6) | 5.7 (1.1) | 0.15 |
| TGc (mmol/L) | 1.0 (0.4) | 1.0 (0.4) | 1.1 (0.6) | 0.87 |
| Diabetesa (%No) | 100.0 | 100.0 | 93.5 | 0.10 |
| VO2peakc (mL/kg/min) | 30.3 (6.6) | 30.0 (5.7) | 30.4 (6.9) | 0.97 |
| VO2peak or VO2max (%VO2max)a,# | 64.6 | 52.2 | 75.8 | 0.19 |
| Grip strengthc (kg) | 34.5 (10.9) | 35.4 (10.8) | 37.9 (9.4) | 0.35 |
| Sleep indexc (total score) | 5.1 (1.5) | 5.6 (1.7) | 4.9 (1.5) | 0.27 |
| SF-8 Physical healthb | 54.2 (5.5) | 51.9 (5.2) | 51.7 (6.7) | 0.11 |
| SF-8 Mental healthb | 55.0 (4.2) | 55.4 (4.9) | 55.9 (4.3) | 0.66 |
| HADSc (total score) | 4.5 (3.5) | 4.7 (4.4) | 4.5 (3.1) | 0.98 |
Notes: The continuous measures are shown as mean and standard deviation in the parentheses. Categorical data is reported as percentages. aChi-squared test; bKruskal–Wallis test; cone-way ANOVA. #Percentage of participants that achieved VO2max during the graded maximal exercise testing.
Abbreviations: MICT, moderate intensity continuous training; HIIT, high intensity interval training; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; RHR, resting heart rate; hsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; SF-8, short form health survey questionnaire; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.