Table 2.

Linear Mixed Model Analyses of Brain Volumes During 5 Years of Intervention (Model 1) in HIIT and MICT Group Compared to Control Group

	Hippocampus			Caudate			Thalamus			Cortex			White Matter
	β	CI	p	β	CI	p	β	CI	p	β	CI	p	β	CI	p
1 year * MICT	0.01	−0.09, 0.11	0.83	0.00	−0.11, 0.11	0.97	−0.01	−0.12, 0.10	0.91	−0.68	−6.02, 4.66	0.80	−4.72	−14.05, 4.61	0.32
3 years * MICT	−0.05	−0.16, 0.05	0.32	−0.04	−0.16, 0.07	0.46	−0.09	−0.20, 0.03	0.13	−5.47	−10.99, 0.05	0.06	0.56	−9.08, 10.20	0.91
5 years * MICT	−0.09	−0.19, 0.01	0.09	−0.05	−0.16, 0.07	0.42	−0.13	−0.25, −0.02	0.021	−1.49	−6.95, 3.97	0.59	1.16	−8.36, 10.69	0.81
1 year * HIIT	0.01	−0.08, 0.10	0.87	−0.01	−0.11, 0.08	0.77	−0.03	−0.13, 0.06	0.50	−3.32	−8.07, 1.43	0.17	3.19	−5.10, 11.48	0.45
3 years * HIIT	−0.08	−0.17, 0.02	0.10	−0.05	−0.15, 0.05	0.31	−0.08	−0.18, 0.02	0.12	−3.65	−8.53, 1.23	0.14	6.85	−1.66, 15.36	0.12
5 years * HIIT	−0.12	−0.21, −0.03	0.012	−0.04	−0.14, 0.06	0.46	−0.10	−0.20, 0.00	0.06	−1.16	−6.11, 3.79	0.65	1.11	−7.52, 9.74	0.80
1 year	−0.09	−0.15, −0.03	0.002	−0.09	−0.15, −0.03	0.005	−0.13	−0.20, −0.07	<0.001	−3.46	−6.55, −0.37	0.028	0.44	−4.91, 5.80	0.87
3 years	−0.18	−0.24, −0.12	<0.001	−0.12	−0.18, −0.05	<0.001	−0.26	−0.32, −0.19	<0.001	−4.99	−8.18, −1.81	0.002	−4.00	−9.51, 1.51	0.15
5 years	−0.32	−0.38, −0.25	<0.001	−0.20	−0.27, −0.14	<0.001	−0.52	−0.59, −0.45	<0.001	−20.41	−23.70, −17.12	<0.001	−6.03	−11.72, −0.34	0.038

Notes: p-values <0.05 are in bold font. Single asterisk (*) indicates interaction. Beta (β) is the estimated regression coefficient, CI is the 95% confidence interval. In the Table 1 year, 3 years and 5 years are compared to baseline and relative to the control group. Brain volumes are included in the model as mL. The analysis is corrected for age at baseline, sex and education. Brain volumes were corrected for intracranial volume (ICV) using the residual method.

Abbreviations: HIIT, high intensity interval training; MICT, moderate intensity continuous training.