Table 2.
Distributed lag RRs and 95% CIs of the associations between short-term exposure to air pollution and ED visits for kidney diseases
| Pollutant | IQR | All renal diseases, any diagnosis RR (95% CI) | All renal diseases, primary diagnosis RR (95% CI) | ARF, any diagnosis RR (95% CI) | ARF, primary diagnosis RR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fine particle components | |||||
| PM2.5 | 8.99 μg/m3 | 1.006 (0.991, 1.021) | 1.006 (0.985, 1.028) | 1.026 (0.997, 1.057)a | 1.011 (0.950, 1.076) |
| EC | 0.68 μg/m3 | 1.016 (1.000, 1.031)a | 1.016 (0.993, 1.040) | 1.032 (1.002, 1.063)b | 1.024 (0.959, 1.093) |
| OC | 1.75 μg/m3 | 1.018 (1.003, 1.034)b | 1.009 (0.987, 1.032) | 1.034 (1.005, 1.064)b | 0.995 (0.935, 1.059) |
| Sulfate | 3.52 μg/m3 | 0.995 (0.981, 1.009) | 1.000 (0.981, 1.021) | 1.019 (0.991, 1.047) | 1.037 (0.978, 1.100) |
| Nitrate | 0.60 μg/m3 | 1.011 (0.993, 1.030) | 1.016 (0.989, 1.045) | 1.032 (0.996, 1.069)a | 1.032 (0.954, 1.117) |
| Criteria gases | |||||
| O3 | 27.04 ppb | 1.004 (0.970, 1.040) | 0.986 (0.936, 1.037) | 1.078 (1.005, 1.158)b | 1.054 (0.905, 1.227) |
| CO | 0.33 ppm | 1.019 (1.002, 1.037)b | 1.013 (0.987, 1.039) | 1.028 (0.994, 1.063) | 1.025 (0.951, 1.105) |
| SO2 | 8.76 ppb | 1.002 (0.985, 1.020) | 1.018 (0.992, 1.044) | 1.013 (0.979, 1.047) | 1.024 (0.952, 1.101) |
| NO2 | 9.52 ppb | 1.018 (0.997, 1.039) | 1.022 (0.991, 1.054) | 1.018 (0.979, 1.059) | 1.013 (0.929, 1.105) |
| NOx | 33.51 ppb | 1.017 (0.999, 1.034)a | 1.021 (0.995, 1.048) | 1.027 (0.993, 1.062) | 1.019 (0.946, 1.099) |
a0.05 ≤ P < 0.10.
bP < 0.05.