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. 2021 Aug 6;5(4):e164. doi: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000164

Table 2.

Distributed lag RRs and 95% CIs of the associations between short-term exposure to air pollution and ED visits for kidney diseases

Pollutant IQR All renal diseases, any diagnosis RR (95% CI) All renal diseases, primary diagnosis RR (95% CI) ARF, any diagnosis RR (95% CI) ARF, primary diagnosis RR (95% CI)
Fine particle components
PM2.5 8.99 μg/m3 1.006 (0.991, 1.021) 1.006 (0.985, 1.028) 1.026 (0.997, 1.057)a 1.011 (0.950, 1.076)
EC 0.68 μg/m3 1.016 (1.000, 1.031)a 1.016 (0.993, 1.040) 1.032 (1.002, 1.063)b 1.024 (0.959, 1.093)
OC 1.75 μg/m3 1.018 (1.003, 1.034)b 1.009 (0.987, 1.032) 1.034 (1.005, 1.064)b 0.995 (0.935, 1.059)
Sulfate 3.52 μg/m3 0.995 (0.981, 1.009) 1.000 (0.981, 1.021) 1.019 (0.991, 1.047) 1.037 (0.978, 1.100)
Nitrate 0.60 μg/m3 1.011 (0.993, 1.030) 1.016 (0.989, 1.045) 1.032 (0.996, 1.069)a 1.032 (0.954, 1.117)
Criteria gases
O3 27.04 ppb 1.004 (0.970, 1.040) 0.986 (0.936, 1.037) 1.078 (1.005, 1.158)b 1.054 (0.905, 1.227)
CO 0.33 ppm 1.019 (1.002, 1.037)b 1.013 (0.987, 1.039) 1.028 (0.994, 1.063) 1.025 (0.951, 1.105)
SO2 8.76 ppb 1.002 (0.985, 1.020) 1.018 (0.992, 1.044) 1.013 (0.979, 1.047) 1.024 (0.952, 1.101)
NO2 9.52 ppb 1.018 (0.997, 1.039) 1.022 (0.991, 1.054) 1.018 (0.979, 1.059) 1.013 (0.929, 1.105)
NOx 33.51 ppb 1.017 (0.999, 1.034)a 1.021 (0.995, 1.048) 1.027 (0.993, 1.062) 1.019 (0.946, 1.099)

a0.05 ≤ P < 0.10.

bP < 0.05.