Table 2.
Distribution of gestational phthalate concentrationsa (µg/L) among preschool ADHD cases and MoBa controlsb.
| N | Geometric mean | Geometric SD | Min | 25% | 50% | 75% | Max | LOQc | % >LOQ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEP (µg/L) | 0.5 | 100.0 | ||||||||
| cases | 260 | 113 | 4.37 | 3.92 | 38.8 | 108 | 288 | 7530 | ||
| MoBa controls | 554 | 99.7 | 4.32 | 2.32 | 32.6 | 97.6 | 296 | 6760 | ||
| MiBP (µg/L) | 0.5 | 100.0 | ||||||||
| cases | 260 | 19.7 | 2.12 | 2.74 | 12.0 | 19.4 | 31.4 | 180 | ||
| MoBa controls | 555 | 18.3 | 2.47 | 1.68 | 9.62 | 16.6 | 32.2 | 562 | ||
| MnBP (µg/L) | 0.5 | 100.0 | ||||||||
| cases | 260 | 20.0 | 2.22 | 3.02 | 12.1 | 19.8 | 33.2 | 379 | ||
| MoBa controls | 554 | 18.1 | 2.17 | 2.00 | 11.4 | 17.2 | 31.0 | 4170d | ||
| MBzP (µg/L) | 0.2 | 100.0 | ||||||||
| cases | 260 | 5.40 | 2.49 | 0.46 | 2.84 | 5.08 | 9.87 | 114 | ||
| MoBa controls | 555 | 4.65 | 2.47 | 0.56 | 2.56 | 4.26 | 7.87 | 103 | ||
| MEHP (µg/L) | 0.5 | 100.0 | ||||||||
| cases | 260 | 12.1 | 2.12 | 1.96 | 7.51 | 11.1 | 16.6 | 871 | ||
| MoBa controls | 555 | 11.4 | 2.11 | 2.23 | 7.12 | 10.4 | 17.4 | 812 | ||
| MEHHP (µg/L) | 0.4 | 100.0 | ||||||||
| cases | 260 | 15.6 | 2.54 | 2.01 | 9.05 | 14.0 | 22.1 | 1490 | ||
| MoBa controls | 555 | 14.0 | 2.45 | 1.93 | 8.13 | 12.6 | 20.6 | 1700 | ||
| MEOHP (µg/L) | 0.4 | 100.0 | ||||||||
| cases | 260 | 10.6 | 2.55 | 1.36 | 5.90 | 9.40 | 15.4 | 1190 | ||
| MoBa controls | 555 | 9.44 | 2.42 | 1.24 | 5.51 | 8.47 | 14.1 | 807 | ||
| MECPP (µg/L) | 2.0 | 100.0 | ||||||||
| cases | 260 | 23.1 | 2.12 | 7.39 | 14.7 | 19.0 | 28.3 | 2020 | ||
| MoBa controls | 555 | 20.9 | 1.94 | 4.96 | 13.9 | 18.6 | 25.8 | 768 | ||
| MMCHP (µg/L) | 2.0 | 100.0 | ||||||||
| cases | 260 | 22.6 | 2.03 | 7.94 | 14.5 | 18.2 | 30.0 | 1110 | ||
| MoBa controls | 555 | 21.0 | 1.85 | 5.23 | 14.0 | 18.1 | 26.3 | 372 | ||
| ∑DEHP (µmol/L) | NA | NA | ||||||||
| cases | 260 | 0.29 | 2.13 | 0.08 | 0.18 | 0.25 | 0.37 | 22.4 | ||
| MoBa controls | 555 | 0.27 | 2.00 | 0.07 | 0.18 | 0.23 | 0.34 | 14.9 | ||
| oh-MiNP (µg/L) | 0.2 | 100.0 | ||||||||
| cases | 260 | 1.12 | 2.23 | 0.31 | 0.72 | 0.97 | 1.36 | 138 | ||
| MoBa controls | 554 | 1.07 | 2.01 | 0.20 | 0.69 | 0.96 | 1.43 | 60.7 | ||
| oxo-MiNP (µg/L) | 0.2 | 98.5 | ||||||||
| cases | 260 | 1.30 | 2.58 | 0.27 | 0.72 | 1.04 | 1.76 | 122 | ||
| MoBa controls | 555 | 1.22 | 2.34 | 0.18 | 0.70 | 1.04 | 1.76 | 201 | ||
| cx-MiNP (µg/L) | 1.0 | 100.0 | ||||||||
| cases | 260 | 3.80 | 1.83 | 1.27 | 2.51 | 3.37 | 5.15 | 49.7 | ||
| MoBa controls | 555 | 3.65 | 1.71 | 1.14 | 2.50 | 3.49 | 4.74 | 141 | ||
| ∑DiNP (µmol/L) | NA | NA | ||||||||
| cases | 260 | 0.02 | 2.04 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.96 | ||
| MoBa controls | 554 | 0.02 | 1.86 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 1.07 |
aStandardized to specific gravity and adjusted for analytic batch. Quintiles were calculated using the distribution of phthalates in reference population.
bFor the purpose of evaluating population distributions of phthalates only, 7 preschool ADHD cases were not excluded from the control group
cLimit of quantification.
dA value of 70,164 µg/L was discarded as implausibly high.