Table 1.

Demographic variables and clinical characteristics in schizophrenia patients, CHR individuals, and HCs.

	HC	CHR	SCZ	F	P
N	101	39	76
Age (year)	26.45 ± 4.57	24.28 ± 4.78	25.68 ± 6.85	2.185	0.115
Gender (M/F)	62/39	24/15	34/42	5.559	0.062
Education (year)	14.35 ± 3.18	14.39 ± 3.02	13.37 ± 3.27	2.202	0.113
BMI	22.56 ± 2.95	23.11 ± 2.82	22.97 ± 3.34	0.369	0.692
Family history (yes/no)	0/101	11/28	15/57	27.773	<0.001
Illness/psychotic symptom duration (month)	–	25.50 ± 28.35	23.79 ± 24.05	0.103	0.740
Antipsychotics (yes/no)	–	10/24	17/53	–	–
Olanzepine equivalents (mg)	–	14.00 ± 7.75	8.54 ± 4.14	–	–
Cognition
Information processing speed	44.56 ± 6.88	39.03 ± 6.78	36.93 ± 19.43	4.886	0.015
Attention alertness	45.54 ± 9.09	39.75 ± 11.85	31.43 ± 9.17	26.072	<0.001
Working memory	46.33 ± 6.88	35.02 ± 17.14	37.14 ± 10.43	12.435	<0.001
Vocabulary learning	47.51 ± 9.44	41.77 ± 9.37	38.49 ± 9.87	11.910	<0.001
Visual learning	46.34 ± 10.34	42.67 ± 11.03	38.38 ± 14.48	5.894	0.007
Reasoning and problem solving	43.32 ± 10.52	39.62 ± 10.54	35.87 ± 11.40	6.768	0.004
Social cognition	37.79 ± 10.43	37.03 ± 8.68	34.85 ± 12.46	1.475	0.399
Total MCCB scores	44.40 ± 5.88	40.21 ± 5.62	35.88 ± 6.36	24.826	<0.001
Psychiatric symptoms
SIPs	0.76 ± 2.69	25.41 ± 8.63	–	365.055	<0.001
PANSS positive	–	–	23.07 ± 5.58	–	–
PANSS negative	–	–	20.41 ± 8.02	–	–
PANSS general	–	–	41.88 ± 6.48	–	–
PANSS total	–	–	85.37 ± 14.17	–	–
Oxysterols
24OHC (ng/ml)	24.47 ± 8.76	28.54 ± 12.18	27.89 ± 8.95	3.990	0.020
27OHC (ng/ml)	43.14 ± 18.30	43.96 ± 14.63	32.78 ± 11.92	11.296	<0.001

Data was shown as mean ± SD.

SCZ, schizophrenia; CHR, clinically high risk; HC, healthy control; BMI, body mass index; IQ, intelligence quotient; MCCB, MATRICS consensus cognitive battery; SIPS, structured interview for prodromal symptoms; CGI, clinical global impressions severity; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; 24OHC, 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol; 27OHC, 27-hydroxycholesterol.