Table 1.
Comparisons of Baseline Characteristics Between the Original Cohort, Matched Cohort and Weighted Cohort
| Covariate | Original Cohort | Matched Cohort | Weighted Cohort | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High LMR | Low LMR | SMD | High LMR | Low LMR | SMD | High LMR | Low LMR | SMD | |
| N | 912 | 575 | – | 547 | 547 | – | 528.4 | 536.2 | – |
| Age, years | 68.5(14.6) | 70.2(14.6) | 0.122 | 69.8(14.3) | 70.0(14.7) | 0.023 | 69.8(14.5) | 70.0(14.7) | 0.013 |
| Gender, male, n(%) | 554(60.7) | 343(59.7) | 0.022 | 330(60.3) | 327(59.8) | 0.011 | 317.1(60.0) | 320.8(59.8) | 0.004 |
| Weight (kg) | 83.2(22.2) | 80.7(21.7) | 0.117 | 80.6(20.8) | 80.7(21.8) | 0.008 | 81.0(21.4) | 81.0(21.9) | 0.002 |
| Ethnicity, n(%) | |||||||||
| White | 569(62.4) | 383(66.6) | 0.093 | 368(67.3) | 363(66.4) | 0.029 | 351.1(66.4) | 355.6(66.3) | 0.006 |
| Black | 119(13.0) | 71(12.3) | 63(11.5) | 68(12.4) | 63.5(12.0) | 65.5(12.2) | |||
| Other | 224(24.6) | 121(21.0) | 116(21.2) | 116(21.2) | 113.8(21.5) | 115.1(21.5) | |||
| Interventions, n(%) | |||||||||
| MV use | 612(67.1) | 366(63.7) | 0.073 | 336(61.4) | 352(64.4) | 0.061 | 334.8(61.4) | 342.0(63.8) | 0.009 |
| RRT use | 129(14.1) | 86(15.0) | 0.023 | 80(14.6) | 79(14.4) | 0.005 | 73.2(13.9) | 75.7(14.1) | 0.008 |
| Score Systerm | |||||||||
| SOFA | 9.0(4.0) | 8.9(4.1) | 0.022 | 8.8(4.0) | 8.9(4.1) | 0.029 | 8.9(4.0) | 8.9(4.1) | 0.007 |
| OASIS | 38.0(9.9) | 38.5(10.2) | 0.048 | 38.3(9.9) | 38.4(10.1) | 0.010 | 38.4(9.9) | 38.3(10.2) | 0.001 |
| APSIII | 66.3(27.0) | 69.8(28.6) | 0.126 | 68.9(27.0) | 69.1(28.4) | 0.008 | 69.1(27.5) | 68.9(28.2) | 0.006 |
| SAPSII | 46.4(15.0) | 47.4(15.8) | 0.064 | 46.6(15.0) | 47.1(15.5) | 0.032 | 47.0(15.2) | 47.1(15.6) | 0.005 |
| Comorbidities, n(%) | |||||||||
| Hypertension | 362(39.7) | 222(38.6) | 0.022 | 195(35.6) | 208(38.0) | 0.049 | 198.6(37.6) | 208.3(38.9) | 0.026 |
| Diabetes | 333(36.5) | 214(37.2) | 0.015 | 203(37.1) | 204(37.3) | 0.004 | 193.2(36.6) | 197.2(36.8) | 0.004 |
| CKD | 351(38.5) | 231(40.2) | 0.035 | 231(42.2) | 221(40.4) | 0.037 | 212.8(40.3) | 214.6(40.0) | 0.005 |
| CAD | 591(68.5) | 340(59.1) | 0.117 | 328(60.0) | 327(59.8) | 0.004 | 320.4(60.6) | 326.5(60.9) | 0.006 |
| CHF | 721(79.1) | 461(80.2) | 0.028 | 443(81.0) | 437(79.9) | 0.028 | 420.2(79.5) | 427.1(79.7) | 0.003 |
| COPD | 248(27.2) | 192(33.4) | 0.135 | 176(32.2) | 175(32.0) | 0.004 | 164.6(31.1) | 168.2(31.4) | 0.005 |
| Liver disease | 109(12.0) | 100(17.4) | 0.154 | 82(15.0) | 89(16.3) | 0.035 | 82.6(15.6) | 86.7(16.2) | 0.015 |
| Malignancy | 75(8.2) | 48(8.3) | 0.005 | 50(9.1) | 47(8.6) | 0.019 | 47.5(9.0) | 44.8(8.4) | 0.022 |
| Vital signs | |||||||||
| MAP, mmHg | 105.7(33.0) | 103.5(31.8) | 0.069 | 103.1(27.6) | 103.5(32.4) | 0.013 | 103.9(28.5) | 103.9(32.3) | 0.001 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 89.6(18.0) | 88.7(18.4) | 0.053 | 89.3(18.1) | 88.6(18.4) | 0.037 | 89.0(18.4) | 88.9(18.4) | 0.007 |
| RR, bpm | 29.9(6.9) | 29.5(6.3) | 0.070 | 29.7(6.4) | 29.5(6.3) | 0.033 | 29.6(6.5) | 29.5(6.3) | 0.009 |
| Temperature, oC | 36.1(1.0) | 36.0(1.0) | 0.053 | 36.1(1.0) | 36.1(1.0) | 0.021 | 36.1(1.0) | 36.1(1.0) | 0.007 |
| SpO2, % | 99.5(1.4) | 99.5(1.4) | 0.006 | 99.5(1.5) | 99.5(1.4) | 0.001 | 99.6(1.4) | 99.5(1.4) | 0.012 |
| Laboratory Results | |||||||||
| WBC, × 109/L | 15.0(11.0, 19.5) | 15.8(11.0,21.3) | 0.122 | 14.9(11.1, 19.6) | 14.3(10.2, 20.0) | 0.035 | 15.4(12.0, 20.1) | 15.6(11.2, 21.1) | 0.010 |
| HGB, g/dL | 9.9(2.4) | 10.3(2.4) | 0.180 | 10.3(2.4) | 10.3(2.4) | 0.025 | 10.3(2.4) | 10.3(2.4) | 0.008 |
| PLT, × 109/L | 171(92.7) | 190.4(98.4) | 0.203 | 187.5(94.3) | 188.4(98.6) | 0.010 | 188.5(99.4) | 187.6(95.8) | 0.010 |
| Bilirubin, mmol/L | 1.1(1.5) | 1.1(1.4) | 0.037 | 1.1(1.3) | 1.1(1.5) | 0.011 | 1.1(1.4) | 1.1(1.4) | 0.007 |
| Aniongap, mEq/L | 14.7(3.8) | 15.1(4.6) | 0.106 | 15.1(3.9) | 15.1(4.6) | <0.001 | 15.1(3.8) | 15.0(4.5) | 0.011 |
| Bicarbonate, mEq/L | 23.2(4.4) | 23.7(4.9) | 0.122 | 23.7(4.7) | 23.6(4.8) | 0.015 | 23.6(4.7) | 23.6(4.8) | 0.003 |
| BUN, mg/dL | 30.0(19.0, 48.0) | 27.0(18.0, 29.0) | 0.114 | 30.0(19.0, 47.0) | 29.0(20.0, 49.0) | 0.010 | 33.0(21.0, 48.0) | 34.0(22.0, 49.0) | 0.018 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.7(1.3) | 1.9(1.4) | 0.099 | 1.9(1.4) | 1.9(1.4) | 0.016 | 1.9(1.5) | 1.9(1.4) | 0.013 |
| Potassium, mmol/L | 4.0(0.6) | 3.9(0.7) | 0.036 | 4.0(0.6) | 3.9(0.7) | 0.017 | 4.0(0.6) | 3.9(0.7) | 0.011 |
| Sodium, mmol/L | 135.4(5.8) | 134.7(5.5) | 0.124 | 134.8(5.9) | 134.8(5.4) | 0.006 | 134.8(6.1) | 134.8(5.4) | 0.001 |
| Calcium, mg/dL | 8.1(0.9) | 8.0(0.9) | 0.070 | 8.0(0.9) | 8.0(0.9) | 0.008 | 8.0(0.9) | 8.0(0.9) | 0.004 |
| PT, s | 14.9(12.8, 20.3) | 14.1(12.5, 18.1) | 0.165 | 14.9(12.7, 19.9) | 14.6(13.2, 19.9) | 0.011 | 15.6(14.5, 22.3) | 16.8(14.3, 23.1) | <0.001 |
| APTT, s | 35.5(16.2) | 36.7(16.6) | 0.072 | 36.2(16.9) | 36.5(16.2) | 0.018 | 36.7(17.6) | 36.6(16.6) | 0.006 |
| INR | 1.6(1.0) | 1.8(1.0) | 0.154 | 1.7(1.1) | 1.7(1.0) | 0.005 | 1.7(1.1) | 1.7(1.0) | 0.001 |
Note: For all continuous covariates, the mean values and standard deviations are reported.
Abbreviations: LMR, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio; SMD, standardized mean difference; MV, mechanical ventilation; RRT, renal replacement therapy; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; OASIS, oxford acute severity of illness score; APSIII, acute physiology score III; SAPS II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MAP, mean arterial pressure; RR, respiratory rate; WBC, white blood cell; HGB, hemoglobin; PLT, platelet; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; PT, prothrombin time; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; INR, international normalized ratio.