Table 1.
Demographic and symptom characteristics in the data sets defined by the presence or absence of AL.
|
|
Training data set | Testing data set | |||||
|
|
No | Yes | P valuesa | No | Yes | P values | |
| Presence of anastomotic leakage, n (%) | 531 (83) | 108 (17) |
|
57 (80) | 14 (20) |
|
|
| Age, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
<50 | 64 (12) | 80 (15) | .36 | 58 (11) | 37 (7) | .06 |
|
|
50-59 | 196 (37) | 207 (39) |
|
271 (51) | 112 (21) |
|
|
|
60-69 | 218 (41) | 191 (36) |
|
170 (32) | 303 (57) |
|
|
|
>=70 | 53 (10) | 53 (10) |
|
37 (7) | 74 (14) |
|
| Gender, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
Male | 419 (79) | 451 (85) | .17 | 409 (77) | 377 (71) | .66 |
|
|
Female | 112 (21) | 80 (15) |
|
122 (23) | 154 (29) |
|
| BMI, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
15-19 | 27 (5) | 48 (9) | .74 | 37 (7) | 37 (7) | .73 |
|
|
20-25 | 340 (64) | 287 (54) |
|
372 (70) | 340 (64) |
|
|
|
>=26 | 165 (31) | 196 (37) |
|
122 (23) | 154 (29) |
|
| Ever smoked, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
No | 207 (39) | 191 (36) | .53 | 234 (44) | 228 (43) | .95 |
|
|
Yes | 324 (61) | 340 (64) |
|
297 (56) | 303 (57) |
|
| Ever alcohol heavy drinker, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
No | 212 (40) | 159 (30) | .04 | 250 (47) | 303 (57) | .52 |
|
|
Yes | 319 (60) | 372 (70) |
|
281 (53) | 228 (43) |
|
| Presence of aortic calcification, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
No | 419 (79) | 292 (55) | <.001 | 457 (86) | 303 (57) | .01 |
|
|
Yes | 112 (21) | 239 (45) |
|
74 (14) | 228 (43) |
|
| Presence of celiac trunk calcification, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
No | 473 (89) | 366 (69) | <.001 | 457 (86) | 457 (86) | .98 |
|
|
Yes | 58 (11) | 165 (31) |
|
74 (14) | 74 (14) |
|
| FEV1% category, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
30-59 | 21 (4) | 27 (5) | .13 | 37 (7) | 74 (14) | <.001 |
|
|
60-79 | 122 (23) | 165 (31) |
|
101 (19) | 377 (71) |
|
|
|
80-130 | 388 (73) | 340 (64) |
|
393 (74) | 74 (14) |
|
| Abdominal surgery, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
No | 473 (89) | 446 (84) | .18 | 446 (84) | 494 (93) | .41 |
|
|
Yes | 58 (11) | 85 (16) |
|
85 (16) | 37 (7) |
|
| Presence of cardiac arrhythmia, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
No | 462 (87) | 441 (83) | .31 | 457 (86) | 457 (86) | .98 |
|
|
Yes | 69 (13) | 90 (17) |
|
74 (14) | 74 (14) |
|
| Presence of peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
No | 515 (97) | 473 (89) | <.001 | 531 (100) | 531 (100) | – |
|
|
Yes | 16 (3) | 58 (11) |
|
0 (0) | 0 (0) |
|
|
Presence of hypertension, n (%)
| |||||||
|
|
No | 409 (77) | 340 (64) | <.001 | 398 (75) | 377 (71) | .76 |
|
|
Yes | 122 (23) | 191 (36) |
|
133 (25) | 154 (29) |
|
| Ever used hypotension drug, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
No | 457 (86) | 425 (80) | .10 | 457 (86) | 419 (79) | .50 |
|
|
Yes | 74 (14) | 106 (20) |
|
74 (14) | 112 (21) |
|
| Ever taken insulin, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
No | 504 (95) | 489 (92) | .13 | 510 (96) | 457 (86) | .12 |
|
|
Yes | 27 (5) | 42 (8) |
|
21 (4) | 74 (14) |
|
| Lesion length category, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
1-3 | 117 (22) | 74 (14) | .06 | 96 (18) | 154 (29) | .25 |
|
|
4-5 | 218 (41) | 234 (44) |
|
297 (56) | 303 (57) |
|
|
|
6-10 | 181 (34) | 202 (38) |
|
138 (26) | 74 (14) |
|
|
|
>10 | 16 (3) | 27 (5) |
|
0 (0) | 0 (0) |
|
| Position of lesion, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
Upper esophagus | 175 (33) | 149 (28) | .90 | 186 (35) | 303 (57) | .05 |
|
|
Middle esophagus | 212 (40) | 234 (44) |
|
186 (35) | 191 (36) |
|
|
|
Lower esophagus | 69 (13) | 96 (18) |
|
74 (14) | 37 (7) |
|
|
|
Upper-middle esophagus | 37 (7) | 16 (3) |
|
37 (7) | 0 (0) |
|
|
|
Lower-middle esophagus | 27 (5) | 37 (7) |
|
27 (5) | 0 (0) |
|
|
|
Multi-position | 16 (3) | 5 (1) |
|
21 (4) | 0 (0) |
|
| ASAb physical status classification, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
1 | 117 (22) | 80 (15) | <.001 | 122 (23) | 37 (7) | .04 |
|
|
2 | 372 (70) | 356 (67) |
|
398 (75) | 419 (79) |
|
|
|
3 | 42 (8) | 101 (19) |
|
11 (2) | 74 (14) |
|
| Blood transfusion, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
No | 127 (24) | 96 (18) | .97 | 196 (37) | 154 (29) | .14 |
|
|
Yes | 404 (76) | 435 (82) |
|
335 (63) | 377 (71) |
|
| Type of anastomotic, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
No | 425 (80) | 430 (81) | .79 | 435 (82) | 340 (64) | .19 |
|
|
Yes | 106 (20) | 101 (19) |
|
96 (18) | 191 (36) |
|
| Tube stomach, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
No | 181 (34) | 170 (32) | .07 | 101 (19) | 191 (36) | .65 |
|
|
Yes | 350 (66) | 361 (68) |
|
430 (81) | 340 (64) |
|
| Surgical approach, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
Nonthoraco-laparoscopy | 181 (34) | 133 (25) | .16 | 186 (35) | 154 (29) | .68 |
|
|
Thoraco-laparoscopy | 350 (66) | 398 (75) |
|
345 (65) | 377 (71) |
|
|
Laparoscope, n (%)
| |||||||
|
|
No | 202 (38) | 165 (31) | .03 | 234 (44) | 266 (50) | .77 |
|
|
Yes | 329 (62) | 366 (69) |
|
297 (56) | 266 (50) |
|
| Histology grade, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
0 | 276 (52) | 218 (41) | .80 | 281 (53) | 303 (57) | .95 |
|
|
1 | 255 (48) | 313 (59) |
|
250 (47) | 228 (43) |
|
| T classification, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
0 | 42 (8) | 27 (5) | .14 | 37 (7) | 37 (7) | .31 |
|
|
1 | 53 (10) | 58 (11) |
|
48 (9) | 74 (14) |
|
|
|
2 | 281 (53) | 303 (57) |
|
281 (53) | 228 (43) |
|
|
|
3 | 159 (30) | 143 (27) |
|
170 (32) | 191 (36) |
|
| Multiple primary, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
No | 499 (94) | 478 (90) | .37 | 494 (93) | 531 (100) | .36 |
|
|
Yes | 32 (6) | 53 (10) |
|
37 (7) | 0 (0) |
|
| N classification, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
1 | 133 (25) | 122 (23) | .26 | 175 (33) | 154 (29) | .62 |
|
|
2 | 101 (19) | 101 (19) |
|
64 (12) | 37 (7) |
|
|
|
3 | 239 (45) | 234 (44) |
|
212 (40) | 191 (36) |
|
|
|
4 | 32 (6) | 42 (8) |
|
58 (11) | 112 (21) |
|
|
|
5 | 27 (5) | 32 (6) |
|
21 (4) | 37 (7) |
|
| Thyroglobulin level, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
<1.7 | 441 (83) | 473 (89) | .15 | 473 (89) | 457 (86) | .70 |
|
|
>=1.7 | 90 (17) | 58 (11) |
|
58 (11) | 74 (14) |
|
| Tumor vascular permeability, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
<20 | 372 (70) | 372 (70) | .92 | 324 (61) | 419 (79) | .23 |
|
|
>=20 | 159 (30) | 159 (30) |
|
207 (39) | 112 (21) |
|
|
Postoperative ventilator-assisted breathing, n (%)
| |||||||
|
|
No | 515 (97) | 473 (89) | <.001 | 520 (98) | 457 (86) | .04 |
|
|
Yes | 16 (3) | 58 (11) |
|
11 (2) | 74 (14) |
|
| Lung infection, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
No | 510 (96) | 478 (90) | <.001 | 494 (93) | 494 (93) | 0.99 |
|
|
Yes | 21 (4) | 53 (10) |
|
37 (7) | 37 (7) |
|
|
Pleural effusion or empyema, n (%)
| |||||||
|
|
No | 515 (97) | 446 (84) | <.001 | 520 (98) | 419 (79) | <.001 |
|
|
Yes | 16 (3) | 85 (16) |
|
11 (2) | 112 (21) |
|
| Incision fat liquefaction and infection, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
No | 494 (93) | 398 (75) | <.001 | 467 (88) | 494 (93) | .59 |
|
|
Yes | 37 (7) | 133 (25) |
|
64 (12) | 37 (7) |
|
| Hospital Length of Stay, mean (SD) | 13.08 (7.2) | 35.56 (23.2) | <.001 | 12.75 (4.13) | 29.36 (16.72) | <.001 | |
aP values are reported using the Pearson chi-square method.
bThe American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System is a well-established assignment that assesses and communicates a patient’s pre-anesthesia medical comorbidities.