Table 2.

Biological measures, physical activity, residential and GPS activity space, and ecological momentary assessment measures.

Measures			Description
Outcomes
	Stress-related neural activity	Amygdala activity (18F-FDGa PET/CTb)
	Vascular inflammation and function testing	Vascular inflammation: arterial Inflammation (18F-FDG PET/CT) Vascular function: pulse wave velocity and augmentation index (Sphygmocor)
	Immune system activation	Flow cytometry-based characterization of immune cell populations and their receptor expression profile (two flow cytometry panels) [56]: (1) CD3, CD14, CD15, CD16, CD19, CD42b, CD45, CD56, CD203c, and CD193 and (2) CD3, CD14, CD16, CD56, CD98 heavy chain, CD64, CCR2c, CCR5, and TLR2d
	Immune cell function	Natural killer cell function profiling by detecting degranulation and cytolytic activity [57,58] Monocyte function profiling [59], including ability of monocytes to perform chemotaxis and migration, as well as determination of inflammasome activity
	Biomarker-based immune system activation	Cytokine and chemokine profiling [60] eg, TNF-αe, IL-6f, IL-10, IL-8, IL-1β, IFN-αg, IFN-γ, MCP-1h, VEGF-Ai, IL-RAj, IL-18, TGF-βk Stress-induced neurotransmitter profiling, including epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and cortisol [61]
Exposures
	Residential and GPS activity space (model: BT-Q1000XT)	Neighborhood Deprivation Index [62,63] based on US census [62], social disorder based on virtual neighborhood audits [41,64], crime rate around GPS activity space based on police crime report [65], and modified retail food environment index. All measures will be created based on GPS activity space [66] Count and density of parks, gyms, and recreation facilities [67] around GPS activity space
Moderators
	PAl via accelerometer or survey	A minute-by-minute PA (Am), daily mean moderate-to-vigorous PA minutes (A), total PA minutes (A), active transportation PA, and leisure-time PA minutes [46] (Sn)
	Psychosocial factors via ecological momentary assessment	Perceived neighborhood social environment [68,69]; mood states [70], perceived stress [49], and daily hassles [71]

^aFDG: fluorodeoxyglucose.

^bPET/CT: positron emission tomography-computed tomography.

^cCCR2: C-C chemokine receptor type 2.

^dTLR2: toll like receptor 2.

^eTNF-α: tumor necrosis factor α

^fIL-6: interleukin-6.

^gIFN-α: interferon-α.

^hMCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.

ⁱVEGF-A: vascular endothelia growth factor-A.

^jIL-RA: receptor antagonist.

^kTGF-β: transforming growth factor β.

^lPA: physical activity.

^mA: assessed by accelerometer.

ⁿS: assessed by survey.