Table 1.
General characteristics of the included apps (N=98).
| Feature | App category, n (%) | Total (N=98), n (%) | ||||||||
|
|
Well-being (n=20) | Mental health (n=65) | Depression (n=13) |
|
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| App store category | ||||||||||
|
|
Education | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | |||||
|
|
Health and fitness | 19 (95) | 46 (71) | 8 (62) | 73 (74) | |||||
|
|
Lifestyle | 0 (0) | 5 (8) | 0 (0) | 5 (5) | |||||
|
|
Medical | 0 (0) | 14 (22) | 5 (38) | 19 (19) | |||||
| App store rating | ||||||||||
|
|
3.6 star to 5 star | 15 (75) | 52 (80) | 6 (46) | 73 (74) | |||||
|
|
1 star to 3.5 star | 0 (0) | 7 (11) | 2 (15) | 9 (9) | |||||
|
|
No ratings | 5 (25) | 6 (9) | 5 (38) | 16 (16) | |||||
| App cost | ||||||||||
|
|
Free | 8 (40) | 27 (42) | 4 (31) | 39 (40) | |||||
|
|
Free with in-app purchase | 11 (55) | 28 (43) | 9 (69) | 48 (49) | |||||
|
|
Paid | 1 (5) | 10 (15) | 0 (0) | 11 (11) | |||||
| Language | ||||||||||
|
|
English | 16 (80) | 47 (72) | 12 (92) | 75 (77) | |||||
|
|
English and other languages | 4 (20) | 18 (28) | 1 (8) | 23 (23) | |||||
| Target user of the app | ||||||||||
|
|
No target user | 20 (100) | 65 (100) | 11 (85) | 96 (98) | |||||
|
|
Youth (ages 12-18 years) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (15) | 2 (2) | |||||
| Psychotherapy modalities used by the app | ||||||||||
|
|
CBTa | 8 (40) | 31 (48) | 9 (69) | 48 (49) | |||||
|
|
CBT and other modalities | 12 (60) | 34 (52) | 4 (31) | 50 (51) | |||||
| Number of evidence-based CBT techniques offered by the app | ||||||||||
|
|
0 | 5 (25) | 4 (6) | 0 (0) | 9 (9) | |||||
|
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1 | 3 (15) | 6 (9) | 1 (8) | 10 (10) | |||||
|
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2 | 11 (55) | 25 (34) | 2 (15) | 38 (39) | |||||
|
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3 | 1 (10) | 10 (20) | 2 (15) | 13 (13) | |||||
|
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4 | 0 (0) | 16 (23) | 8 (62) | 24 (24) | |||||
|
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5 | 0 (0) | 4 (8) | 0 (0) | 4 (4) | |||||
|
|
6 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||||
| Emergency contact information for users at risk of suicide | ||||||||||
|
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Yes | 2 (10) | 23 (35) | 8 (62) | 33 (34) | |||||
|
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No | 18 (90) | 42 (65) | 5 (38) | 65 (66) | |||||
| Information related to COVID-19 pandemic | ||||||||||
|
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Yes | 0 (0) | 16 (25) | 1 (8) | 17 (17) | |||||
|
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No | 20 (100) | 49 (75) | 12 (92) | 81 (83) | |||||
| App works as intendedb | ||||||||||
|
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Yes | 18 (90) | 62 (95) | 12 (92) | 92 (94) | |||||
|
|
No | 2 (10) | 3 (5) | 1 (8) | 6 (6) | |||||
aCBT: cognitive behavioral therapy.
bDid not malfunction or crash during usage.