Table 3.
Cognitive behavioral therapy–related techniques offered by the apps (N=98).
| Feature | App category, n (%) | Total (N=98), n (%) | ||||||||
|
|
Well-being (n=20) | Mental health (n=65) | Depression (n=13) |
|
||||||
| Evidence-based CBTa techniques offered by the apps | ||||||||||
|
|
Psychoeducation | 2 (10) | 44 (68) | 11 (85) | 57 (58) | |||||
|
|
Behavioral activation | 2 (10) | 28 (43) | 11 (85) | 41 (42) | |||||
|
|
Cognitive restructuring | 10 (50) | 54 (83) | 13 (100) | 77 (79) | |||||
|
|
Problem solving | 4 (20) | 6 (9) | 2 (15) | 12 (12) | |||||
|
|
Relaxation | 10 (50) | 38 (38) | 6 (46) | 54 (55) | |||||
|
|
Exposure | 1 (5) | 4 (6) | 0 (0) | 5 (5) | |||||
| Procedures related to the structure of CBT sessions | ||||||||||
|
|
Content offered in modules | 2 (10) | 12 (18) | 8 (62) | 22 (22) | |||||
|
|
Current mood monitoring | 14 (70) | 45 (69) | 7 (54) | 66 (67) | |||||
|
|
App administers screening questionnaire | 0 (0) | 21 (32) | 11 (85) | 32 (33) | |||||
|
|
Suicide risk management | 2 (10) | 23 (35) | 9 (69) | 34 (35) | |||||
|
|
Homework assignment | 0 (0) | 16 (25) | 4 (31) | 20 (20) | |||||
|
|
Therapeutic alliance | 14 (70) | 29 (45) | 3 (23) | 46 (47) | |||||
|
|
Strategies to cope after completing the modules | 2 (10) | 3 (5) | 4 (31) | 9 (9) | |||||
| Other functionalities | ||||||||||
|
|
Journaling | 3 (15) | 7 (11) | 0 (0) | 10 (10) | |||||
|
|
Gratitude or positive thought records | 2 (10) | 10 (15) | 0 (0) | 12 (12) | |||||
|
|
Forums | 2 (10) | 4 (6) | 0 (0) | 6 (6) | |||||
|
|
Web-based games | 1 (5) | 4 (6) | 0 (0) | 6 (6) | |||||
|
|
Others | 1 (5) | 18 (28) | 5 (38) | 24 (25) | |||||
aCBT: cognitive behavioral therapy.