Table 3.

Representative sample questionnaire items for health information–seeking behavior survey instruments.

Domain, subdomain, dimension, theme					Questionnaire items
Information
	Information about health
		Attitude
			Perceived ease of use	How much do you agree or disagree- it took a lot of effort to get the information you needed (HINTSa)
			Perceived efficacy of seeking	How confident are you that you could get advice about health if you needed it (HINTS)
		Behavior
			Seek experience	Have you ever looked for information about health or medical topics from any source? (HINTS)
			Information source	Thinking about the last time you had a serious health issue, did you get information from (selection of the information source)? (HTSb)
			Type of information contents	What type of health-related information did you look for? (Europe)
			Purpose of search (whom for)	The most recent time you looked for information about health or medical topics, who was it for? (HINTS)
	Patient medical record
		Attitude
			Perceived privacy and confidentiality risk	Have you ever kept information from your health care provider because you were concerned about the privacy or security of your medical record? (HINTS)
			Perceived ease of use	How easy or difficult was it to understand the health information in your online medical record? (HINTS)
			Perceived usefulness	In general, how useful is your online medical record for monitoring your health? (HINTS)
			Intention to use	Was denken Sie heute, werden Sie sich Ihre medizinischen Daten und Unterlagen mit Hilfe der Karte zukünftig näher anschauen? (What do you think today, will you take a closer look at your medical data and documents with the help of the card in the future?) (Gesundheitsmonitor, Germany)
			Preference to provide access to others	In order to get a quick and valid diagnosis, I am positive about giving internet access to my medical record to a doctor in another location or abroad (Poland)
		Behavior
			Access frequency	Have you approached your family doctor, specialist, or other health professional(s) over the internet to read your health record? (Poland)
			Type of information contents sought	귀하의 온라인 의료 기록에 다음과 같은 의료 정보가 포함되어 있습니까? (Do any of your online medical records include the following types of medical information?) (survey of CHISBc)
			Purpose of seeking a record	In the past 12 months, have you used your web-based medical record to…(look up test results, monitor your health, etc) (HINTS).
Channel
	Offline
		Attitude
			Perceived credibility	Do you believe health-related information from medical staff at medical centers or pharmacies? (Taiwan)
			Perceived ease of use	How difficult is it to contact a doctor or other health care providers at this place after their regular hours in case of urgent medical needs-very difficult, somewhat difficult, not too difficult, or not at all difficult? (HTHS)
			Satisfaction with service quality	How satisfied are you with the health care you received in the past 12 months? (NHISd)
		Behavior
			Access frequency	How many times have you personally been to the doctor within the last 12 months (Europe)
			Type of health service	What kind of place do you go to most often - a clinic, doctor's office, emergency room, or some other place? (NHIS)
			Communication with health care provider	In the past 12 months, did health care provider talk with you about all of the different prescription medicines you are using, including medicines prescribed by other doctors? (HTHSe)
			Health related decision making	The following questions are about your communication with all doctors, nurses, or other health professionals you saw during the past 12 months: did they involve you in decisions about your health care as much as you wanted (HINTS)?
	Online
		Attitude
			Perceived credibility	Selon vous, l’information de santé que vous avez obtenue la dernière fois est-elle crédible? (In your opinion, is the health information credible you obtained the last time (on the internet?) (France)
			Perceived ease of use	In general, how comfortable do you feel. (using computers, internet, etc) (ANHCSf)
			Perceived usefulness	How useful was the health information you found online? (HTHS)
			Perceived eHealth literacy	I know how to use the internet to answer my health questions (Israel)
			Satisfaction with web-based information	Overall, how satisfied or not are you with the health-related information you found on the internet? (Europe)
			Perceived confidentiality risks	There are different reasons for not approaching your family doctor, specialist, or other health professional(s) via the internet. Which reasons apply to you? (I worry about confidentiality) (Poland)
			Intention to use	Next time you want to get information on health-related questions, how likely are you to use the internet? (Europe)
		Behavior
			Access frequency	Within the last 12 months, have you used the internet to search for health-related information? (Europe)
			Type of information technology device	Please indicate if you have each of the following: tablet computer like an iPad, smartphone, etc? (HINTS)
			Health-related web and app (software use)	What kind of health apps do you currently have on your phone? (HTS)
			Web-based resource (governmental website, Wikipedia, etc)	Have you used any of the following internet resources for health information? (government websites, news sites, etc) (ANHCS)
			Communication with health care provider	Haben Sie diese Gesundheits-Apps auf Ihrem Tablet oder Smartphone schon einmal dazu genutzt, … um auf Gespräche mit Ihrem Arzt, Heilpraktiker, Physiotherapeuten usw. besser vorbereitet zu sein? (Have you ever used these health apps on your tablet or smartphone...to be better prepared for discussions with your doctor, alternative practitioner, physiotherapist, etc? (HINTS Germany)
			Communication with friends and others (social media, forum, etc)	Still thinking just about the last 12 months, have you posted a health-related question online or shared your own personal health experience online in any way? (HTS)
			Health-related decision making	Haben Sie diese Gesundheits-Apps auf Ihrem Tablet oder Smartphone schon einmal dazu genutzt, …. um zu entscheiden, wie mit einer Erkrankung umgegangen werden sollte? (Has your tablet or smartphone…helped you make a decision about how to treat an illness or condition? (HINTS Germany)
			Tracking/managing health state	Has your tablet or smartphone helped you track progress on a health-related goal such as quitting smoking, losing weight, or increasing physical activity? (HINTS)
			Improvement of health knowledge	Improved your understanding of the symptoms, conditions, or treatments in which you were interested (Israeli survey)
Health
	Overall health
		Attitude
			Perceived health efficacy	Overall, how confident are you about your ability to take good care of your health? (HINTS)
			Concerns and belief about health	Agree that my good health is largely a matter of good fortune (ANHCS)
		Behavior
			General health state	How would you rate your level of health in general? (Europe)
			Diseases diagnosed	Are you now living with any of the following health problems or conditions (diabetes, high blood pressure, etc) (HTS)
			Height	How tall are you without shoes? (NHIS)
			Weight	About how much do you weigh, in pounds, without shoes? (HINTS)
			Mental health	Have you been diagnosed with any of the following medical conditions? (mental health condition) (ANHCS)
			Caregiving	Are you a caregiver for an adult family member with any of the following medical conditions? (Alzheimer disease, cancer, etc) (ANHCS)
			Social support	Is there anyone you can count on to provide you with emotional support when you need it, such as talking over problems or helping you make difficult decisions? (HINTS)
	Lifestyle
		Attitude
			Perception about nutrition	How likely is it that eating 5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables every day will (make you look better)? (ANHCS)
			Perception about physical activity	How likely is it that doing at least moderate exercise 3 or more times a week will (reduce your feelings of stress)? (ANHCS)
			Perception about alcohol	How much do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? (alcohol increases your risk of cancer) (HINTS)
			Perception about tobacco	In your opinion, do you think that some smokeless tobacco products such as chewing tobacco, snus, and snuff are less harmful to a person's health than cigarettes? (HINTS)
		Behavior
			Nutrition	In the past week, on average, how many servings of fruit did you eat or drink per day? Please include 100% fruit juice, and fresh, frozen or canned fruits. (ANHCS)
			Physical activity	In a typical week, how many days do you do any physical activity or exercise of at least moderate intensity, such as brisk walking, bicycling at a regular pace, and swimming at a regular pace? (HINTS)
			Alcohol	In your entire life, have you had at least 12 drinks of any type of alcoholic beverage? (NHIS)
			Tobacco	Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in your entire life? (ANHCS)
	Cancer
		Attitude
			Perception about cancer	귀하께서는 다음 문항에 얼마나 동의하십니까? … 일상에서 접하는 모든 것이 암을 유발하는 원인임 (How much do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? … It seems like everything causes cancer, There’s not much you can do to lower your chances of getting cancer, etc) (survey of CHISB)
		Behavior
			Cancer check-up	When did you have your most recent prostate-specific antigen test to check for prostate cancer? (ANHCS)
			Cancer diagnosed	Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had cancer or a malignancy of any kind? (NHIS)

^aHINTS: Health Information National Trends Survey.

^bHTS: Health Tracking Survey.

^cCHISB: cancer and health-related information–seeking behavior.

^dNHIS: National Health Interview Survey.

^eHTHS: Health Tracking Household Survey.

^fANHCS: Annenberg National Health Communication Survey.