Table 2.
Author | Country | Study design | Participant numbers (TBIa severity) | Age (years) | Gender | Time post TBI | Setting |
Banville and Nolin [111] | Canada | Quasi-experimental assessment (4b) | TBI=31 (7 moderate and 24 severe) and matched healthy controls=31 | TBI: mean 27 (SD 11) and controls: mean 27 (SD 11) | TBI: 23 males and 8 females; controls: 23 males and 8 females | Mean 3.78 (SD 2.5) years | Outpatient |
Cikajlo et al [101] | Slovenia | Case series (4b) | TBI=3, brain tumor=1, and nonbrain injury=4 | TBI or brain tumor: range 24-48 and nonbrain injury: range 27-40 | Not reported | Not reported | Outpatient |
Gamito et al [102] | Portugal | Case study | TBI=1 (severe) | 20 | Male | 3 months | Inpatient rehabilitation ward |
Ma et al [103] | United States | Case studyc | TBI=1 (moderate-severe) | 26 | Male | 9 months | Physical therapy clinic |
Robitaille et al [112] | Canada | Proof of concept (4b) | TBI=6 (mild) and healthy controls=6 | TBI: mean 30.3 (SD 8.6; range 18-61) and controls: mean 30.3 (SD 5.3) | Not reported | Median 0.46 years; range 2 weeks to 7 years | Not reported |
aTBI: traumatic brain injury.
bOxford levels of evidence.
cConference proceeding.