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. 2021 Jul 28;4(3):e26040. doi: 10.2196/26040

Table 2.

Patient demographics for clinical outcomes.

Patient demographics Reference group Child life specialist group Virtual reality group Total patients P value
Patients, n (%) 20 (36) 20 (36) 15 (27) 55 (100) N/Aa
Age (years), mean (SD) 14.5 (4.2) 15.2 (4.0) 12.1 (3.5) 14.1 (4.1) .08
Age category (years), n (%) .19

Child (age range 7-9 years) 4 (20) 1 (5) 3 (20) 9 (15)

Early adolescent (age range 10-13 years) 3 (15) 7 (35) 6 (40) 19 (31)

Middle adolescent (age range 14-17 years) 9 (45) 5 (25) 5 (33) 22 (35)

Late adolescent/adult (age ≥18+ years) 4 (20) 7 (35) 1 (7) 12 (19)
Sex, n (%) .72

Female 12 (60) 12 (60) 11 (73) 35 (64)

Male 8 (40) 8 (40) 4 (27) 20 (36)
Race, n (%) .20

Black or African American 11 (55) 11 (55) 4 (27) 26 (47)

White 8 (40) 7 (35) 9 (60) 24 (44)

Unknown or not reported 1 (5) 2 (10) 2 (13) 5 (9)
Ethnicity, n (%) .30

Hispanic or Latino 0 (0) 2 (10) 2 (13) 4 (7)

Not Hispanic or Latino 20 (100) 18 (90) 13 (87) 51 (93)

aN/A: not applicable.